Science is interesting

Essential Oils

2011-09-02T20:55:00.000+05:30

Fragrances have been part of life since ancient times. Fragrances and flavours play important role in religious observations.Cosmetics and confectionaries,we use for personal care and hygiene are all added with perfume or flavours. These generally come from plant an like mint (Pudina), coriander and Tulsi (Ocimum) etc. and animals like Kasturi. if we pick-up the leaves of these plants and rub and smell,we feel a special smell or aroma which come from certain odoriferous substances called essential oils. Essential oil are present in plants in specialised cells/glands which may be anywhere in the plant, may be on leaves, flowers, stems, roots, bark or wood . When these glands rupture by pressing, rubbing or heat the smell /aroma come out. Essential oil are composed of aromatic compounds, volatile and hydrophobic in nature. In the Vedic literature of India, one can find references of essential oils. Flavor and fragrances are widely used in Indian life and there uses have been mentioned in Ayurveda “Gandhshastra”- the science of odor which deals with the cosmetics and fragrances. The ancient Egyptians were the first to recognize the therapeutic potential of essential oils. Traditional Indian perfumery industry inherited it secrets from earlier generations. Due to high cost of traditional natural perfumes the market shifted to modern synthetic perfumes. After independence during the last fifty years, the essential oil and other natural product industry has made excellent progress and India has been successful in making export of a large number of natural products like essential oils, extracts, absolutes of jasmine and tuberose, spices oil and oleoresins. Common medicinal properties of essential oils include: analgesic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, sedative, antispasmodic, expectorant, diuretic, and sedative. Many aromatic herbs, essential oils and aroma chemicals are mentioned as official drugs in the various pharmacopoeias and formularies of different countries

Newton plays Hide n Seek

2011-02-15T00:06:00.000+05:30

Once all the scientists die and go to heaven. They decide to play hide-n-seek

Unfortunately Einstein is the one who has the den......... ..He is supposed to count upto 100...and then start searching... ..

Everyone starts hiding except Newton...... ...

Newton just draws a square of 1 meter and stands in it right in front of Einstein.

Einstein's counting 1,2,3......97, 98,99.... .100..... ... He opens his eyes and finds Newton standing in front....... .

Einstein says "newton's out..newton' s out....."

Newton denies and says "I am not out........I am not Newton...... "

All the scientists come out to see how he proves that he is not Newton.

Newton says "I am standing in a square of area 1m squared.....

That makes me Newton per meter squared..... .

Since one Newton per meter squared is one Pascal, I'm Pascal, Therefore Pascal is OUT.......!

Newton's laws of LOVE (Humor in Science)

2011-02-04T14:31:00.000+05:30

First law:

A boy in love with a girl continues to be in love with her and a girl in love with a boy continues to be in love with him, until and unless any external agent(brother or father of the girl) comes into play and breaks the legs of the boy.

Second law:

The rate of change of intensity of love of a girl towards a boy is directly proportional to his bank balance.

Third law:

The force applied while proposing a girl by a boy is equal and opposite to the force applied by the girl while using her sandals.

Universal law:

Love can neither be created nor be destroyed; it can only be transferred from one girl/Boy friend to another girl/Boy friend.

Synthetic Biology

2011-01-16T22:32:00.000+05:30

Synthetic biology means designing and manufacturing biological components that do not exist in the natural world. It also refers to re-designing and fabrication of existing biological systems. The term “synthetic biology” was first used on genetically engineered bacteria that were created with recombinant DNA technology which was synonymous with bioengineering. Later the term “synthetic biology” was used as a mean to redesign life which is an extension of biomimetic chemistry, where organic synthesis is used to generate artificial molecules that mimic natural molecules such as enzymes.

So far, synthetic biology has produced diagnostic tools for diseases such as HIV and hepatitis viruses as well as devices from biomolecular parts with interesting functions. Synthetic biologists are trying to assemble unnatural components to support Darwinian evolution. Recently, the engineering community is seeking to extract components from the biological systems to test and confirm them as building units to be reassembled in a way that can mimic the living nature. In the engineering aspect of synthetic biology, the suitable parts are the ones that can contribute independently to the whole system so that the behavior of an assembly can be predicted.

Tips For Healthy Digestion

2010-11-27T18:42:00.000+05:30

Eat more fiber. Fiber keeps the digestive system running smoothly by decreasing the transit time of food in the intestines. Fiber from whole grains, fruits and vegetables also lowers harmful LDL cholesterol and improves sugar balance for people with diabetes. For digestion and overall health, fiber rich foods should make up a big part of your daily diet.

Eat more alkaline foods. The typical American diet relies on too many acid-forming foods. They're the primary cause of GERD (Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease).

Acid-forming foods to limit: refined sugars, white flour, alcohol, sodas, coffee, red meat, fried, fatty foods.

Alkaline-forming foods to add: mineral water, vegetables (especially greens), seaweed, herbal teas, miso, brown rice, honey, fruits.

Practice good food combining. Sometimes, it's not what you eat that's making you sick, it's the way you eat it. Different foods need different enzymes to digest properly.

Follow 3 key principles:

Eat fruits alone and on an empty stomach in the morning.

Don't eat fruits and vegetables at the same meal.

Avoid high protein foods with whole grains.

Take enzymes. Many of the foods we eat are so processed they lack vital enzymes. Enzymes are the spark plugs for every body function. They can be easily brought into your body through fresh foods. Have a green salad every day.

(From Linda Page's diary)

Happy Deepawali

2010-11-05T17:49:00.002+05:30

May this Diwali be as bright as ever.

May this Diwali bring joy, health and wealth to you.

May the festival of lights brighten up you and your near and dear ones lives.

May this Diwali bring in u the most brightest and choicest happiness and love you have ever Wished for.

May this Diwali bring you the utmost in peace and prosperity.

May lights triumph over darkness.

May peace transcend the earth.

May the spirit of light illuminate the world.

May the light that we celebrate at Diwali show us the way and lead us together on the path of peace and social harmony

"WISH U A VERY HAPPY DIWALI"

Translational Biomedicine

2010-10-21T16:34:00.000+05:30

Before understanding Translational Biomedicine it is better to understand Translational Health first. Translational Health is the process of developing clinical applications and practical advancements in health care. The Translational Health comprises of basic research with genes. A cell is exposed to diagnostic or therapeutic interventions for treatment or prevention of disease.

Translational Biomedicine is the transfer of knowledge from basic science, findings in the laboratory focusing on fundamental science to testable hypotheses for evaluation in clinical trials.

It can be described as using knowledge from basic research to improve clinical applications in order to prevent diseases in the community.

Translational Biomedicine is the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice and that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress.

Translational Biomedicine Studies using primer design are intended to find the necessary information to identify genetic contributors to human health, developing new biomedicine approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The increased focus on health issues, and the demand for better medical biomedical engineers and the heightened interest in biotech research and biomedicine, more degrees are granted in these fields!

Neuro-Chips

2010-09-04T13:59:00.000+05:30

The wikipedia definition of a neuro-chip is that "It is made of silicon that is doped in such a way that it contains EOSFETs (electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor FET) that can sense the electrical activity of the neurons (action potentials) in the above-standing physiological electrolyte solution. It also contains capacitors for the electrical stimulation of these cells."

So the neuro-chip can be called as the culmination of a process trying to blurr the line between living organisms and machines . Researchers have now developed "neuro-chips" in which living brain cells and silicon circuits are coupled together.

It is understood to be a breakthrough in treating neurological disorders, or a basis for developing organic computers using living neurons or even a basis for Brain implant in future.

To create the neuro-chip, researchers squeezed more than 16,000 electronic transistors and hundreds of capacitors onto a silicon chip just 1 millimeter square in size.They used special proteins found in the brain to glue brain cells, called neurons, onto the chip. However, the proteins acted as more than just a simple adhesive."They also provided the link between ionic channels of the neurons and semiconductor material in a way that neural electrical signals could be passed to the silicon chip.

Snail neurons form a network on a silicon chip.The proteins allowed the neuro-chip's electronic components and its living cells to communicate with each other. Electrical signals from neurons were recorded using the chip's transistors, while the chip's capacitors were used to stimulate the neurons.

It could still be decades before the technology is advanced enough to treat neurological disorders or create living computers, the researchers say, but in the nearer term, the chips could provide an advanced method of screening drugs for the pharmaceutical industry.

Your Blood Pressure

2010-08-30T20:39:00.000+05:30

Blood is carried from the heart to all parts of our body in vessels which are known as arteries. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries. With each of our heart beat, the heart pumps the blood into the arteries and the blood pressure is at its highest. This is called systolic pressure. When the heart is at rest, between beats, the blood pressure falls. This is what diastolic pressure is.

Blood pressure is always denoted by these systolic and diastolic pressures such as 120/80 mmHg. The top number is the systolic and the bottom one is diastolic. Both are important. These levels should be lower than 120/80. When the level stays high, 140/90 or higher, you have high blood pressure.

Blood pressure is lowest when you sleep and rises when you get up. It may rise when you are excited, nervous or extra-active.

With high blood pressure, the heart works harder, your chances of a stroke, heart attack, and kidney problems are greater

High blood pressure is also called the “silent killer” because it usually has no symptoms. If not controlled over time, high blood pressure can affect not only your heart and blood vessels but also other organs.

• Normal blood pressure is <120 mm of Hg systolic and < 80 mm of Hg diastolic

• Pre-hypertension is <120-139 mm of Hg systolic and < 80-89 mm of Hg diastolic

• Stage 1 hypertension is 140-159 mm of Hg systolic and 90-99 mm of Hg diastolic

• Stage 2 hypertension is =/>160 mm of Hg systolic and =/>100 mm of Hg diastolic

The World Health Organization says that "ideally blood pressure should not be greater than 115/75 mm of Hg.

You have a higher chance of having high blood pressure if

• If someone in your family has or has had high blood pressure

• If you are overweight

• If you have fat around your stomach more than around the hips

• High blood pressure is often a prediabetic state.

Simple steps to keep your blood pressure under control

Brisk Walking— Walking at a brisk pace can help lower your pressure. A good workout will ensure the heart uses oxygen more efficiently. Getting a rigorous cardio workout 4 to 5 times a week can make a huge difference. Start by incorporating about 15 minutes of exercise in your daily routine and slowly increase the time and difficulty level.

Deep Breathing — Learning some slow breathing and meditation techniques can do wonders. It will help reduce stress drastically and keep your blood pressure in check. Try taking out 10 minutes every morning and at night. Inhale and exhale deeply. If you can, join a yoga class for some time so that you can learn the proper method.

Go for potassium-rich foods — you have probably heard of the negative effects of sodium on the body and potassium is an essential mineral to counter the effects of sodium on blood pressure. Fruits and vegetables are rich in potassium. Try adding sweet potatoes, tomatoes, orange juice, potatoes, bananas, peas, and prunes and raisins to your regular diet.

Go slow on the salt — Whether you have a family history of high blood pressure or not, reducing your intake of salt can make a huge difference to your health. Before adding that extra pinch of salt to your food, think if you really need it. Try substituting salt with lime, garlic, pepper or other herbs and spices. Go slow on processed and packaged foods.

Tea benefits — Herbal teas are the way to go. In a study conducted, those who sipped on hibiscus tea daily lowered their blood pressure. Many herbal teas contain hibiscus or you can always opt for green tea.

Reduce work and relax — Reducing the number of hours you spend in office can help lower hypertension. Working overtime makes it hard to exercise and eat healthy. Ensure that you get out of office at a decent hour. Learning to relax by listening to soothing music can help.

(Based on various reference works from different websites)

Love letter by a Maths Scholar

2010-08-28T15:28:00.001+05:30

My Dear Sweetheart,

Yesterday, I was passing by your rectangular house in trigonometric lane.

There I saw you with our cute circular face, conical nose and spherical eyes, standing in your triangular garden. Before seeing you my heart was a null set, but when a vector of magnitude (likeness) from your eyes at a deviation of theta radians made a tangent to my heart, it differentiated. My love for you is a quadratic equation with real roots, which only you can solve by making good binary relation with me.

The cosine of my love for you extends to infinity.

I promise that I should not resolve you into partial functions but if I do so, you can integrate me by applying the limits from zero to infinity. You are as essential to me as an element to a set.

The geometry of my life revolves around your acute personality. My love, if you do not meet me at parabola restaurant on date 10 at sunset, when the sun is making an angle of 160 degrees, my heart would be like a solved polynomial of degree 10.
With love from your higher order derivatives of maxima and minima of an unknown function.

Truly Yours

Proud to be an INDIAN

2010-08-11T19:50:00.002+05:30

Q. Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard (hp) ?
A. Rajiv Gupta

Q. Who is the creator of Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the today's computers run on it)?
A. Vinod Dahm

Q. Who is the third richest man on the world?
A. According to the latest report on Fortune Magazine, it is Azim Premji, who is the CEO of Wipro Industries. The Sultan of Brunei is at 6 th position now.

Q. Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail (Hotmail is world's No.1 web based email program)?
A. Sabeer Bhatia

Q. Who is the president of AT & T-Bell Labs (AT & T-Bell Labs is the creator of program languages such as C, C++, Unix to name a few)?
A. Arun Netravalli

Q. Who is the new MTD (Microsoft Testing Director) of Windows 2000, responsible to iron out all initial problems?
A. Sanjay Tejwrika

Q. Who are the Chief Executives of CitiBank, Mckensey & Stanchart?
A. Victor Menezes, Rajat Gupta, and Rana Talwar.

Q. We Indians are the wealthiest among all ethnic groups in America , even faring better than the whites and the natives.
There are 3.22 millions of Indians in USA (1.5% of population). YET,
38% of doctors in USA are Indians.
12% scientists in USA are Indians.
36% of NASA scientists are Indians.
34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
28% of IBM employees are Indians.
17% of INTEL scientists are Indians.
13% of XEROX employees are! Indians.

Some of the following facts may be known to you. These facts were recently published in a German magazine, which deals with WORLD HISTORY FACTS ABOUT INDIA .

   1. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history.
   2. India invented the Number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
   3. The world's first University was established in Takshila in 700BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Na landa built in the 4 th century BC was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
   4. According to the Forbes magazine, Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software.
   5. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans.
   6. Although western media portray modern images of India as poverty striken and underdeveloped through political corruption, India was once the richest empire on earth.
   7. The art of navigation was born in the river Sindh 5000 years ago. The very word "Navigation" is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH.
   8. The value of pi was first calculated by Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is now k! Nown as the Pythagorean Theorem. British scholars have last year (1999) officially published that Budhayan's works dates to the 6 th Century which is long before the European mathematicians.
   9. Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India . Quadratic equations were by Sridharacharya in the 11 th Century; the largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Indians used numbers as big as 10 53.
10. According to the Gemmological Institute of America, up until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds to the world.
11. USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century-old suspicion amongst academics that the pioneer of wireless communication was Professor Jagdeesh Bose and not Marconi.
12. The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra.
13. Chess was invented in India .
14. Sushruta is the father of surgery. 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted surgeries like cesareans, cataract, fractures and urinary stones. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient India .
15. When many cultures in the world were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley ( Indus Valley Civilisation).
16. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

I hope you enjoyed it and work towards the welfare of INDIA .

Say proudly, I AM AN INDIAN.

HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY....

Green Tea and Your Health

2010-07-29T13:23:00.001+05:30

Green tea has increasingly become a very popular drink worldwide because of its immensely powerful health benefits.

It is extraordinarily amazing what green tea can do for your health.

And if you're not drinking 3 to 4 cups of green tea todayyou're definitely NOT doing your health a big favor.

Here Are The 25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea Right Now:

1. Green Tea and Cancer

Green tea helps reduce the risk of cancer.

The antioxidant in green tea is 100 times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times better than vitamin E.

This helps your body at protecting cells from damage believed to be linked to cancer.

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2. Green Tea and Heart Disease

Green tea helps prevent heart disease and stroke by lowering the level of cholesterol.

Even after the heart attackit prevents cell deaths and speeds up the recovery of heart cells.

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3. Green Tea and Anti-Aging

Green tea contains antioxidant known as polyphenols which fight against free radicals.

What this means it helps you fight against aging and promotes longevity.

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4. Green Tea and Weight Loss

Green tea helps with your body weight loss. Green tea burns fat and boosts your metabolism rate naturally.

It can help you burn up to 70 calories in just one day.

That translates to 7 pounds in one year.

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5. Green Tea and Skin

Antioxidant in green tea protects the skin from the harmful effects of free radicalswhich cause wrinkling and skin aging.

Green tea also helps fight against skin cancer.

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6. Green Tea and Arthritis

Green tea can help prevent and reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

Green tea has benefit for your health as it protects the cartilage by blocking the enzyme that destroys cartilage.

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7. Green Tea and Bones

The very key to this is high fluoride content found in green tea.

It helps keep your bones strong.

If you drink green tea every daythis will help you preserve your bone density.

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8. Green Tea and Cholesterol

Green tea can help lower cholesterol level.

It also improves the ratio of good cholesterol to bad cholesterolby reducing bad cholesterol level.

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9. Green Tea and Obesity

Green tea prevents obesity by stopping the movement of glucose in fat cells.

If you are on a healthy dietexercise regularly and drink green teait is unlikely you'll be obese.

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10. Green Tea and Diabetes

Green tea improves lipid and glucose metabolismsprevents sharp increases in blood sugar leveland balances your metabolism rate.

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11. Green Tea and Alzheimer's

Green tea helps boost your memory.

And although there's no cure for Alzheimer'sit helps slow the process of reduced acetylcholine in the brainwhich leads to Alzheimer's.

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12. Green Tea and Parkinson's

Antioxidants in green tea helps prevent against cell damage in the brainwhich could cause Parkinson's. People drinking green tea also are less likely to progress with Parkinson's.

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13. Green Tea and Liver Disease

Green tea helps prevent transplant failure in people with liver failure. Researches showed that green tea destroys harmful free radicals in fatty livers.

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14. Green Tea and High Blood Pressure

Green tea helps prevent high blood pressure.

Drinking green tea helps keep your blood pressure down by repressing angiotensinwhich leads to high blood pressure.

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15. Green Tea and Food Poisoning

Catechin found in green tea can kill bacteria which causes food poisoning and kills the toxins produced by those bacteria.

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16. Green Tea and Blood Sugar

Blood sugar tends to increase with agebut polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea help lower your blood sugar level.

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17. Green Tea and Immunity

Polyphenols and flavenoids found in green tea help boost your immune systemmaking your health stronger in fighting against infections.

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18. Green Tea and Cold and Flu

Green tea prevents you from getting a cold or flu.

Vitamin C in green tea helps you treat the flu and the common cold.

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19. Green Tea and Asthma

Theophylline in green tea relaxes the muscles which support the bronchial tubesreducing the severity of asthma.

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20. Green Tea and Ear Infection

Green tea helps with ear infection problem.

For natural ear cleaningsoak a cotton ball in green tea and clean the infected ear.

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21. Green Tea and Herpes

Green tea increases the effectiveness of topical interferon treatment of herpes.

First green tea compress is appliedand then let the skin dry before the interferon treatment.

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22. Green Tea and Tooth Decay

Green tea destroys bacteria and viruses that cause many dental diseases.

It also slows the growth of bacteria which leads to bad breath.

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23. Green Tea and Stress

L-theaninewhich is a kind of amino acids in green teacan help relieve stress and anxiety.

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24. Green Tea and Allergies

EGCG found in green tea relieves allergies.

Soif you have allergiesyou should really consider drinking green tea.

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25. Green Tea and HIV

Scientists in Japan have found that EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) in green tea can stop HIV from binding to healthy immune cells.

What this means is that green tea can help stop the HIV virus from spreading.

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Courtesy: Funlok.com

Clean Energy

2010-06-20T23:10:00.002+05:30

There are several ways to define clean energy. It refers to energy processes that pollute less and don’t use resources that can’t be easily renewed. Clean energy may also be called renewable energy or green energy.
The basic forms of clean energy are those that come from water, wind, or sun. In some cases, some manufacturing and use of coal is considered clean and called clean coal.
It’s hoped that clean energy provides for a total substitution for oil, helps to reduce global warming and greenhouse gas emissions and helps to create a safer earth for all inhabitants.
In reality, clean energy too has problems. For instance, wind farms that can provide power can have significant effect on local bird populations, and birds of some types can face grave depletion of numbers when they live near wind farms.
Many environmentalists say that no power source is totally without risk, clean energy could have a wide reaching effect on healing the planet and perhaps stemming the tide of global warming. An additional reason why clean energy can be so desirable is because it tends to come from sources that are free. While harnessing this energy costs money, wind and sun aren’t owned by anybody in particular.
This is not the case with oil. Most of the oil deposits in the world are located in the Middle East. The dependence on oil on these countries often creates diplomatic problems too.
Much remains to be done to see that how to best harness clean energy sources and how to use them to best advantage. One issue is how to transport collected energy from one place to another, since many places that produce this energy are located in remote locations. Changing the power grid to accommodate different sources of energy can help this problem, but this has yet to occur on a wide scale.

I Wanted To Live ! Mommy

2010-04-20T19:16:00.003+05:30

[A Letter From Baby to Mother after Abortion !!! ]

Dear Mommy,

I am in Heaven now... I so wanted to be your little girl. I don't quite understand what has happened. I was so excited when I began realizing my existance. I was in a dark, yet comfortable place. I saw I had fingers and toes. I was pretty far along in my developing, yet not near ready to leave my surroundings. I spent most of my time thinking or sleeping. Even from my earliest days, I felt a special bonding between you and me.

Sometimes I heard you crying and I cried with you. Sometimes you would yell or scream, then cry. I heard Daddy yelling back. I was sad, and hoped you would be better soon. I wondered why you cried so much. One day you cried almost all of the day. I hurt for you. I couldn't imagine why you were so unhappy.

That same day, the most horrible thing happened. A very mean monster came into that warm, comfortable place I was in. I was so scared, I began screaming, but you never once tried to help me. Maybe you never heard me. The monster got closer and closer as I was screaming and screaming, "Mommy, Mommy, help me please; Mommy, help me." Complete terror is all I felt. I screamed and screamed until I thought I couldn't anymore. Then the monster started ripping my arms off. It hurt so bad; the pain I can never explain. It didn't stop.

Oh, how I begged it to stop. I screamed in horror as it ripped my leg off.

Though I was in such complete pain, I was dying. I knew I would never see your face or hear you say how much you love me. I wanted to make all your tears go away. I had so many plans to make you happy. Now I couldn't; all my dreams were shattered. Though I was in utter pain and horror, I felt the pain of my heart breaking, above all. I wanted more than anything to be your daughter. No use now, for I was dying a painful death. I could only imagine the terrible things that they had done to you. I wanted to tell you that I love you before I was gone, but I didn't know the words you could understand.

And soon, I no longer had the breath to say them; I was dead. I felt myself rising. I was being carried by a huge angel into a big beautiful place. I was still crying, but the physical pain was gone. The angel took me away to a wonderful place... Then I was happy. I asked the angel what was the thing was that killed me. He answered, "Abortion". I am sorry, for I know how it feels." I don't know what abortion is; I guess that's the name of the monster. I'm writing to say that I love you and to tell you how much I wanted to be your little girl. I tried very hard to live. I wanted to live. I had the will, but I couldn't; the monster was too powerful. It sucked my arms and legs off and finally got all of me. It was impossible to live. I just wanted you to know I tried to stay with you. I didn't want to die. Also, Mommy, please watch out for that abortion monster. Mommy, I love you and I would hate for you to go through the kind of pain I did. Please be careful.

Love,
Your Baby Girl

PRO CHOICE? DO YOU THINK THESE BABIES CHOSE TO DIE???

This Is Dedicated To The Memory Of All The Aborted Babies Throughout The World. Please pass this on to as many people as u can... If u have a heart u will... I post it to here, coz I know u have a heart n will post it to others, so that they will know what happens to their child and all the pain the baby goes through when they abortion their baby

(STOP ABORTION PLEASE)

Mathematical proof (Pure Humor)

2010-04-15T14:29:00.002+05:30

Equation 1

Human = eat + sleep + work + enjoy
Donkey = eat + sleep
Therefore:
Human = Donkey + Work + enjoy
Therefore:
Human-enjoy = Donkey + Work
In other words,
Human that don't know enjoy = Donkey that work.

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ ++ ++

Equation 2

Men = eat + sleep + earn money
Donkey = eat + sleep
Therefore:
Men = Donkey + earn money
Therefore:
Men-earn money = Donkey
In other words
Men who d'nt earn mony = Donkey

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +

Equation 3

Women= eat + sleep + spend
Donkey = eat + sleep
Therefore:
Women = Donkey + spend
Women - spend = Donkey
In other words,
Women who don't spend = Donkey

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +

To Conclude:

From Equation 2 and Equation 3
Men who don't earn money = Women who don't spend
So Men earn money not to let women become donkey!
And women spend not to let men become donkey!
So, We have:
Men + Women = Donkey + earn money + Donkey + Spend money
Therefore from postulates 1 and 2, we can conclude
Men + Women = 2 Donkeys that live happily together!

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Heart Attacks And Drinking Warm Water

2010-04-07T15:24:00.004+05:30

This is a special article. Not only about the warm water after your meal, but about Heart Attacks . The Chinese and Japanese drink hot tea with their meals, not cold water, maybe it is time we adopt their drinking habit while eating.

For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is feels nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion. Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer . It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.

French fries and Burgers are the biggest enemy of heart health.
A coke after that gives more power to this demon.
Avoid them for your Heart's Health

Common Symptoms Of Heart Attack...
A serious note about heart attacks - You should know that not every heart attack symptom is going to be the left arm hurting.

Be aware of intense pain in the jaw line .

You may never have the first chest pain during the course of a heart attack.

Nausea and intense sweating are also common symptoms.

60% of people who have a heart attack while they are asleep do not wake up. Pain in the jaw can wake you from a sound sleep. Let's be careful and be aware. The more we know, the better chance we could survive.

A cardiologist says if everyone who reads this message sends it to 10 people, you can be sure that we'll save at least one life. Read this & Send to a friend. It could save a life... So, please be a true friend and send this article to all your friends you care about.

General keyboard shortcuts

2010-03-23T21:43:00.000+05:30

Remember these keys when ur mouse is not working this is very helpful.

General keyboard shortcuts

* CTRL+C (Copy)
* CTRL+X (Cut)
* CTRL+V (Paste)
* CTRL+Z (Undo)
* DELETE (Delete)
* SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
* CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
* CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
* F2 key (Rename the selected item)
* CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
* CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
* CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
* CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
* CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
* SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
* CTRL+A (Select all)
* F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
* ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
* ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
* ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
* ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
* CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
* ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
* ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
* F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
* F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
* SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
* ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
* CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
* ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
* Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
* F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
* RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
* LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
* F5 key (Update the active window)
* BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
* ESC (Cancel the current task)
* SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
* CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager)

Dialog box keyboard shortcuts

If you press SHIFT+F8 in extended selection list boxes, you enable extended selection mode. In this mode, you can use an arrow key to move a cursor without changing the selection. You can press CTRL+SPACEBAR or SHIFT+SPACEBAR to adjust the selection. To cancel extended selection mode, press SHIFT+F8 again. Extended selection mode cancels itself when you move the focus to another control.

* CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
* CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
* TAB (Move forward through the options)
* SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
* ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
* ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
* SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
* Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
* F1 key (Display Help)
* F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
* BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts

* Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
* Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
* Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
* Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
* Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
* Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
* Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
* CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
* Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
* Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
* Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
* Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility keyboard shortcuts

* Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
* Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
* Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
* SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
* NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
* Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts

* END (Display the bottom of the active window)
* HOME (Display the top of the active window)
* NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
* NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
* NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
* LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
* RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

* RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
* LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
* UP ARROW (Move up one row)
* DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
* PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
* PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
* HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
* END (Move to the end of the line)
* CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
* CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
* SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts

* CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
* CTRL+N (Open a new console)
* CTRL+S (Save the open console)
* CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
* CTRL+W (Open a new window)
* F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
* ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
* ALT+F4 (Close the console)
* ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
* ALT+V (Display the View menu)
* ALT+F (Display the File menu)
* ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC console window keyboard shortcuts

* CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
* ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
* SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
* F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
* F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
* CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
* CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
* ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
* F2 key (Rename the selected item)
* CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote desktop connection navigation

* CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
* ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
* ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
* ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
* ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
* CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
* ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
* CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
* CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation

* CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
* CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
* CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
* CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
* CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
* CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
* CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
* CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
* CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
* CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
* CTRL+W (Close the current window)

World without Engineers

2010-03-12T10:53:00.005+05:30

Aeronautical Engineers

Electronics Engineers

Mechanical Engineers

Civil Engineers

Communication Engineers

Computer Engineers

The Fern and the Bamboo

2010-02-27T13:02:00.001+05:30

One day I decided to quit.... I quit my job, my relationship, my spirituality. ...

I wanted to quit my life.

I went to the woods to have one last talk with God.

"God", I said. "Can you give me one good reason not to quit?"

His answer surprised me...

"Look around", He said. "Do you see the fern and the bamboo?"

"Yes", I replied.

"When I planted the fern and the bamboo seeds, I took very good care of them.

I gave them light. I gave them water.

The fern quickly grew from the earth. Its brilliant green covered the floor.

Yet nothing came from the bamboo seed. But I did not quit on the bamboo.

In the second year the Fern grew more vibrant and plentiful.

And again, nothing came from the bamboo seed.

But I did not quit on the bamboo".

He said. "In the third year, there was still nothing from the bamboo seed.

But I would not quit.

In the fourth year, again, there was nothing from the bamboo seed.

I would not quit."

He said. "Then in the fifth year a tiny sprout emerged from the earth.

Compared to the fern it was seemingly small and insignificant.

But just 6 months later the bamboo rose to over 100 Feet tall.

It had spent the five years growing roots. Those roots made it strong and gave it what it needed to survive.

I would not give any of my creations a challenge it could not handle."

He said to me. "Did you know, my child, that all this time you have been struggling, you have actually been growing roots. I Would not quit on the bamboo. I will never quit on you. Don't compare yourself to others."

He said. "The bamboo had a different purpose than the Fern, yet, they both make the forest beautiful."

"Your time will come, "God said to me." You will rise high!"

"How high should I rise?" I asked.

"How high will the bamboo rise?" He asked in return.

"As high as it can?" I questioned.

"Yes." He said, "Give me glory by rising as high as you can."

I left the forest and brought back this story.

I hope these words can help you see that God will never give up on you........

Wrong Email ID

2010-02-14T13:17:00.001+05:30

A man checked into a hotel. There was a computer in his room, so he decided to send an e-mail to his wife.

However, he accidentally typed a wrong e-mail address, and without realizing his error, he sent the e-mail.

Meanwhile... . Somewhere in Houston, a widow had just returned from her husband’s funeral. The widow decided to check her e-mail, expecting condolence messages from relatives and friends.

After reading the first message, she fainted. The widow’s son rushed into the room, found his mother on the floor, and saw the computer screen which read:

To: My Loving Wife
Date: 16 May 2004
Subject: I’ve Reached

I know you’re surprised to hear from me. I landed here safely. They gave computer here and we are allowed to send e-mails to loved ones.

I’ve just reached and have been checked in. I see that everything has been prepared for your arrival tomorrow.

Eagerly waiting for you!

Regards
Your hubby

Hi...I'm your Liver!

2010-02-07T11:14:00.006+05:30

All about Numbers

2010-01-31T19:27:00.001+05:30

The numbers we all use (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) are known as "arabic" numbers to distinguish them from the "Roman Numerals" (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, etc). Actually the arabs popularized these numbers but they were originally used by the early phonecian traders to count and keep track of their trading accounts.

Have you ever thought why ........ 1 means "one", and 2 means "two"? The roman numerals are easy to understand but what was the logic behind the phonecian numbers?

It's all about angles !
It's the number of angles. If one writes the numbers down (see below) on a piece of paper in their older forms, one quickly sees why. I have marked the angles with "o"s.
No 1 has one angle.

No 2 has two angles.

No 3 has three angles. etc.

.....

and "O" has no angles

10 things you never knew about chocolate

2010-01-14T20:15:00.002+05:30

10. The Aztecs drunk it

Chocolate was originally a cold drink whisked from cocoa beans by the Aztecs - and women were not allowed to drink it.

***************

9. It was more valuable than gold

When Cortes conquered the Aztecs in 1520, he found that cocoa beans were prized higher than gold.

***************

8. It was named in the 17th century

The word 'chocolate' was first recorded in English use in 1604.

***************

7. It helped found the British Museum

The British Museum owes its very existence to chocolate. It was based on the personal collection of Hans Soane, who invented milk chocolate.

***************

6. Chocolate bar an English invention

The bar of chocolate was invented by JS Fry and Sons of Bristol in 1847.

***************

5. Expensive egg

Last year's most expensive chocolate egg was encrusted with more than 100 diamonds and made for La Maison du Chocolat with a £50,000 prize tag.

***************

4. Royal approval

On New Year's Day 1900, Queen Victoria sent 100,000 boxes of chocolates as a personal gift to soldiers fighting in the Boer War.

***************

3. Brits can't get enough of it

The average person living in the UK - man, woman or child - spends over £1 a week on chocolate.

***************

2. The King loved it!

The last food Elvis Presley ate comprised four scoops of ice cream and six chocolate chip cookies.

***************

1. Egg-cellent selection

Woolworths is this year selling 170 varieties of chocolate Easter egg.

What is a dream?

2010-01-06T21:13:00.001+05:30

Rabbit's Ph.D. Thesis

2010-01-02T22:28:00.001+05:30

Scene It's a fine sunny day in the forest, and a rabbit is sitting outside his burrow, tippy-tapping on his typewriter. Along comes a fox, out for a walk.
Fox "What are you working on?"
Rabbit "My thesis."
Fox "Hmmm. What's it about?"
Rabbit "Oh, I'm writing about how rabbits eat foxes." (incredulous pause)
Fox "That's ridiculous! Any fool knows that rabbits don't eat foxes."
Rabbit "Sure they do, and I can prove it. Come with me."
They both disappear into the rabbit's burrow. After a few minutes, the rabbit returns, alone, to his typewriter and resumes typing.

Soon, a wolf comes along and stops to watch the hardworking rabbit.
Wolf "What's that you're writing?"
Rabbit "I'm doing a thesis on how rabbits eat wolves." (loud guffaws)
Wolf "You don't expect to get such rubbish published, do you?"
Rabbit "No problem. Do you want to see why?"
The rabbit and the wolf go into the burrow, and again the rabbit returns by himself, after a few minutes, and goes back to typing.

Scene: inside the rabbit's burrow. In one corner, there is a pile of fox bones. In another corner, a pile of wolf bones. On the other side of the room, a huge lion is belching and picking his teeth.

Moral: It doesn't matter what you choose for a thesis subject. It doesn't matter what you use for data. What does matter is who you have for a thesis advisor.

*******

MAY YOUR LIFE COULD BE LIKE A COMPUTER IN 2010!

2009-12-31T08:30:00.000+05:30

To get your daily exercise, just click on "run"!

If you needed a break from life, click on "suspend".

Hit "any key" to continue life when ready.

To get even with the neighbors, turn up the sound blaster.

To "add/remove" someone in your life, click settings and control panel.

To improve your appearance, just adjust the display settings.

If life gets too noisy, turn off the speakers.

When you lose your car keys, click on "find".

"Help" with the chores is just a click away.

You wouldn't need auto insurance. You'd use your diskette to recover from a crash.

We could click on "send" and the kids would go to bed immediately.

To feel like a new person, click on "refresh".

Click on "close" to shut up the kids and spouse.

To undo a mistake, click on "back".

Is your wardrobe getting old? Click "update".

you don't like cleaning the litter box, click on "delete".

If you messed up your life, you could press "Alt, Ctrl, Delete" and start all over!

HAPPY NEW YEAR 2009 !!!!!!!!!!!!!

TRANSPARENT CONCRETE

2009-12-30T10:15:00.001+05:30

New Architecture in Concrete, translucent blocks and photo-engraved building fronts to revolutionary materials that promise to change the rules of construction as we know them today.

Smoking is injurous to your health

2009-12-29T17:23:00.002+05:30

Forensic Entomology

2009-12-11T13:38:00.001+05:30

Entomology is the study of insects.The insects can play an important role in crime-identification in a criminal case and the science dealing with this field is called the "Forensic entomology." It is a relatively new field in solving crimes. Using insects to help prove criminal matters may sound appears strange but their assistance is invaluable to the police. The stages of decomposition of a body are characterized by a particular group of insects. what insects are found on a body and what stage of development they are at, the police can accurately estimate the exact time of death and hence may solve the mystery of a murder.

The working of the Forensic Entomology depends upon various factors like insects that suck the blood of a person who has died from an overdosed can be examined and analyzed to find what type of drugs were used. The locations of the body when it was first exposed to air can also be determined due to the insects found on it. Certain insects reside in certain areas of the world and if the body was moved, this would only help forensic investigators learn the location where the crime actually took place.

Insect Clues

Between 1985 and 1988, several transients were choked, sexually assaulted, and left for dead in the desert of California. In this program, entomologist David Faulkner, of the San Diego Natural History Museum, painstakingly identifies maggot eggs on the decaying corpse of Sandra Cwik from among 900,000 known species to establish the victim’s time of death. Once the time was determined, the suspect who had no alibi was convicted of second-degree murder.

Why can't people with HIV marry?

2009-11-30T15:14:00.006+05:30

Being..

a

HIV positive ....

is

nOt

tHe

ENd oF lifE.......

buT

is

•BEGINING OF

A

PLANNED LIFE

with

more...........

positive attitude........

Think positively and live a better life....

We can change the world around us by changing our attitudes.

Among 55 lakh HIV+ve INDIANS, there are thousands of girls and boys who want to get married and live the life more positively. There are many other diseases like cancer and brain tumor which are more dangerous and life-threatening than HIV/AIDS. But a HIV+ve person never tells anybody that he is HIV+ve. The search of a HIV+ve life partner ends before starting because of this reason.

positivesaathi.com. is India's First online Matrimony portal for HIV positive people.
which is providing you a platform to find a HIV+ve person interested to get married.

Success stories: marriages through positivesaathi.com (as told by the owner of this website) :---

IT boy gets his cute life partner through site.

1st March 2009. Almost 100 +ve persons were gathered at Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune to find the +ve life partner. Life care centre and positivesaathi.com jointly organized that event. All members of Life care centre were informed. Almost 800 registered members of positivesaathi were informed about this get together opportunity. Almost 150 Maharashtra members were communicated through SMS by the editor of positivesaathi. Through this collective effort, almost 100 +ve persons attended the function. In the introduction section, suddenly one handsome boy of 28 years old came on the stage and introduced himself as a software engineer from Mumbai. He thanked positivesaathi for the new pleasant turn of his life. It was great news for me. He told us that he have found a girl of 25 yrs old from Pune only. In the next month the date of engagement was to be fixed. After the function I met him again and was happy to meet his cute life partner who specially came to meet me. Indeed it was a nice couple. With a very small efforts of mine I again saw two lives getting a new ray of hope and another dimension of life.

Courtesy:http://positivesaathi.com/

AGRICULTURAL REPRESENTATIVE

2009-11-19T17:46:00.002+05:30

A cocky Department of Agriculture representative stopped at a farm and talked with the old farmer;

"I need to inspect your farm."

The old farmer said: "OK, but you better not go in that field."

In a wise-arse tone the Ag. Representative said, "I have the authority of the U. S. Government with me. See this card..?"

He stuck a plastic-coated card in the farmer's face.

"This card says I can go wherever I want to on agricultural land."

The old farmer shrugged and went about his farm chores. Later, he heard loud screams and saw the Department of Agriculture rep running for the fence.

Close behind was the farmer's prize bull, Geronimo.

Geronimo was madder than a nest full of hornets and he was gaining on the Ag Rep with every angry snort.

The farmer shouted, "Show him your card!"

***********

Bioplastics and Compostable Plastics

2009-11-08T19:32:00.001+05:30

The plastic which we generally use are petroleum-based products and the Plastic-pollution is attainging alarming stages. Bio-based alternatives to the plastic have crept up into the scene.

When we use the terms "biopolymer" or "bioplastic," are we talking about a plastic material that is biobased, i.e. based on renewable materials so that the waste rarely makes it back into the soil.

Corn-based bioplastics are being used for making water bottles and disposable cutlery as efficient alternatives.

Bioplastics came into existence some 15 years ago.It created a quite a stir in the environmental community.

Bioplastics have different categories e.g. compostable, biodegradable and degradable plastics. The compostable plastics must meet at least three essential requirements:

•They should biodegrade at a rate comparable to food scraps and other compostable materials;
•They should disintegrate, so that no large plastic fragments remain to be screened
•They should disintegrate and biodegrade safely so that the compost is able to support plant growth.

Biodegradable and degradable plastics are different from compostable plastics, as they have different technical specifications.

Biodegradable Plastic degrades by natural microorganisms (bacteria, fungi etc.). There is no specification about leaving "toxic residue," and no requirement for the time span it needs to biodegrade.

Degradable Plastic will undergo a significant change at the chemical level under specific environmental conditions resulting in a loss of some properties.The plastic does'nt have to degrade by "naturally occurring microorganism" nor toxicity, time span, or complete disintegration are specified.

It should be noted that there have been various studies conducted on both degradation and biodegradation in varying environments, such as soil and marine testing. However, standardization results have not yet been set, making it difficult to critique their viability as environmentally sound product ideas

The replacement of traditional plastic products with bioplastics will reduce manufacturing energy requirements and help reduce waste, improve air quality, conserve petroleum supplies, and reduce cleanup costs but things are still in the research and testing stage and the final products are yet to come and the test of their feasibility is awaited.

What is BIOS ?

2009-11-01T14:27:00.002+05:30

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System.Computers BIOS is the first program that is run when the computer starts. It is a program that stores configuration details about the computer hardware and enables the computer to boot up. When the computer is switched on the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on the hardware, then loads the operating system. The BIOS is mounted in a ROM chip, which is pleced on the motherboard,in such a way that it is removable.

CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)is another name for a BIOS chip.

There are provisions which allows BIOS to ask for a password when it starts thus restricting access to your computer.

BIOS passwords add an extra security for desktop and laptop computers. They prevent a user from changing the BIOS settings and prevent the PC from booting without a password.

but BIOS passwords can put a user into trouble if the user forgets his password.There are a few tricks that can be used to bypass or reset the BIOS password on most systems.

Most of the BIOS passwords do not protect the hard drive, so if the data recovery is needed, simply remove the hard drive and install it in an identical system, or configure it as a slave drive in an existing system. The exception to this are laptops, especially IBM Thinkpads, which silently lock the hard drive if the supervisor password is enabled. If the supervisor password is reset without resetting the and hard drive as well, you will be unable to access the data on the drive.

Before attempting to bypass the BIOS password on a computer, please take a minute to contact the hardware manufacturer support staff directly and ask for their recommended methods of bypassing the BIOS security.

Please be cautious in using BIOS passwords as Some BIOS configurations will lock you out of the system completely if you type in an incorrect password more than 3 times. Read your manufacturers documentation for the BIOS setting before you begin typing in passwords

Happy Diwali, Safe Diwali

2009-10-17T11:50:00.008+05:30

Some tips to help you stay safe during Diwali

1.) Buy legally manufactured fireworks.
2.) Supervise children while they light fireworks.
3.) Light fireworks outside the house.
4.) Hold away sparkles from the body. Never make circles in the air.
5.) Do not bend over fireworks while lighting it. Don’t go near in hesitation whether it is burnt or not.
6.) Keep flower pots on a flat ground while lighting.
7.) Don’t light fireworks holding in hand.
8.) Rockets like fireworks should be lighted during heavy winds and busy areas but in open grounds.
9.) Never keep extra fireworks in pockets.
10.) Keep fireworks stock away while lighting a particular firework.
11.) Don’t wear Nylon clothes prefer cotton while bursting crackers.
12.) Wear footwear while lighting fireworks.
13.) Never try to light used fireworks.
14.) Keep a water bucket handy.
15.) Best of all, Be Prepared for Emergency

May the festival of lights be the harbinger of joy and prosperity. As the holy occasion of Diwali is here and the atmosphere is filled with the spirit of mirth and love, here's hoping this festival of beauty brings your way, bright sparkles of contentment, that stay with you through the days ahead.
Best wishes on Diwali and New year.

Exciting Facts of Technology

2009-10-12T23:28:00.005+05:30

Aircraft Carrier

An aircraft carrier gets about 6 inches per gallon of fuel.

****************

Airplanes

The first United States coast to coast airplane flight occurred in 1911 and took 49 days.

A Boeing 747s wingspan is longer than the Wright brother's first flight (120ft).

****************

Aluminum

The Chinese were using aluminum to make things as early as 300 AD Western civilization didn't rediscover aluminum until 1827.

****************

Automobile

George Seldon received a patent in 1895 - for the automobile. Four years later, George sold the rights for $200,000.

****************

Coin Operated Machine

The first coin operated machine ever designed was a holy-water dispenser that required a five-drachma piece to operate. It was the brainchild of the Greek scientist Hero in the first century AD.

****************

Compact Discs

Compact discs read from the inside to the outside edge, the reverse of how a record works.

****************

Computers

ENIAC, the first electronic computer, appeared 50 years ago. The original ENIAC was about 80 feet long, weighed 30 tons, had 17,000 tubes. By comparison, a desktop computer today can store a million times more information than an ENIAC, and 50,000 times faster.

From the smallest microprocessor to the biggest mainframe, the average American depends on over 264 computers per day.

The first "modern" computer (i.e., general-purpose and program-controlled) was built in 1941 by Konrad Zuse. Since there was a war going on, he applied to the German government for funding to build his machines for military use, but was turned down because the Germans did not expect the war to last beyond Christmas.

The computer was launched in 1943, more than 100 years after Charles Babbage designed the first programmable device. Babbage dropped his idea after he couldn't raise capital for it. In 1998, the Science Museum in London, UK, built a working replica of the Babbage machine, using the materials and work methods available at Babbage's time. It worked just as Babbage had intended.

****************

[This article was received through an email from my friend Awni]

Proud to Be an INDIAN

2009-10-06T18:51:00.003+05:30

Q. Who is the GM of Hewlett Packard (hp) ?
A. Rajiv Gupta

Q. Who is the creator of Pentium chip (needs no introduction as 90% of the today's computers run on it)?
A. Vinod Dahm

Q. Who is the third richest man on the world?
A. According to the latest report on Fortune Magazine, it is Azim Premji, who is the CEO of Wipro Industries. The Sultan of Brunei is at 6 th position now.

Q. Who is the founder and creator of Hotmail (Hotmail is world's No.1 web based email program)?
A. Sabeer Bhatia

Q. Who is the president of AT & T-Bell Labs (AT & T-Bell Labs is the creator of program languages such as C, C++, Unix to name a few)?
A. Arun Netravalli

Q. Who is the new MTD (Microsoft Testing Director) of Windows 2000, responsible to iron out all initial problems?
A. Sanjay Tejwrika

Q. Who are the Chief Executives of CitiBank, Mckensey & Stanchart?
A. Victor Menezes, Rajat Gupta, and Rana Talwar.

Q. We Indians are the wealthiest among all ethnic groups in America , even faring better than the whites and the natives.
A.
There are 3.22 millions of Indians in USA (1.5% of population). YET,
38% of doctors in USA are Indians.
12% scientists in USA are Indians.
36% of NASA scientists are Indians.
34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
28% of IBM employees are Indians.
17% of INTEL scientists are Indians.
13% of XEROX employees are! Indians.

HOW TO HIDE YOUR PASSWORD..???? (IT Humor)

2009-09-29T21:10:00.001+05:30

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

No one can see your passwords or whatever you're typing

No one can see whatever you're typing or which website you ' re surfing

And the Ultimate is...

(This post published here is actually an email sent to me by a friend Awani)

Two Headed Giraffe

2009-09-23T21:08:00.004+05:30

Amazing Two Headed Giraffe Emerging from a Wormhole at zoo.

Http VS https

2009-09-19T22:13:00.000+05:30

The main difference between http:// and https:// is, It's all about keeping you secure

HTTP stands for HyperText Transport Protocol, which is just a fancy way of saying it's a protocol (a language, in a manner of speaking) for information to be passed back and forth between web servers and clients.

The important thing is the letter S which makes the difference between HTTP and HTTPS.

The S (big surprise) stands for "Secure".
If you visit a website or webpage, and look at the address in the web browser, it will likely begin with the following: http://.

This means that the website is talking to your browser using the regular 'unsecure' language.

In other words, it is possible for someone to "eavesdrop" on your computer's conversation with the website.

If you fill out a form on the website, someone might see the information you send to that site.

This is why you never ever ever enter your credit card number in an http website!

But if the web address begins with https://, that basically means your computer is talking to the website in a secure code that no one can eavesdrop on.

You understand why this is so important, right?

If a website ever asks you to enter your credit card information, you should automatically look to see if the web address begins with https://.

If it doesn't, there's no way you're going to enter sensitive information like a credit card number!

Who’s afraid of 2°C?

2009-09-11T23:14:00.001+05:30

(By Sunita Narain)

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The latest fuss about the 2°C global temperature target India apparently acceded to at the Major Economies Forum in L’Aquila, Italy, is important to unravel. The declaration by the world’s 20 biggest and most powerful countries recognized the scientific view that the increase in global average temperature above pre-industrial levels should not exceed 2°C. The statement was widely criticized in India as a sign we had ‘given in’ to pressure to take commitments, to cap our emissions. But it was not quite clear why something as obtuse as 2°C equalled a target, so confusion followed. It seemed we were against capping temperature increase at 2°C; we wanted emissions to grow; that temperature increase was bad for us and for the world. The Western media tom - tommed it as another proof India was the renegade in climate negotiations.

Let’s sort this issue. It is widely accepted keeping global temperature rise below 2°C, measured from pre-industrial levels (1850), is the threshold that will leash climate change from being ‘dangerous’ to becoming ‘catastrophic’. To put this number into context, consider current average global temperature increase is 0.8°C; add on the fact that another 0.8°C is inevitable, because of the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) already pumped into the atmosphere. So, we are already close to the threshold.

Now, let’s understand the politics. Once the world accepts the need to cap temperature, it also accepts the need to cap emissions. The 2°C target is possible only if the world limits GHG concentration at 450 ppm CO2-e, taking together the stock and current emissions. It gets complicated here. Think of the atmosphere as a cup of water, filled to the brim. More water can only be filled if the cup is emptied to create space. But since there are many claimants on the water that needs to be filled in the cup, the space will have to be apportioned - budgeted - so that the earlier occupiers vacate and the new claimants fill in, in some proportion of equity.

In other words, the emission budget of 450 ppm CO2-e has to be apportioned, based on equity, between nations. The problem with the L’Aquila declaration is not that it caps the increase in temperature, but that it does not make explicit this limit will require sharing the budget equally between nations who have already used up their common atmospheric space and new entrants to economic growth. Without budget-sharing the temperature cap becomes a virtual cap on the emissions of the developing world, for we are told we will also have to peak in the midterm and take meaningful deviations from our carbon-growth trajectory.

Let us be clear: the space is very limited. We know concentration of all GHG emissions is already close to 430 ppm. But with some ‘cooling’ allowance, because of aerosols, it comes to 390 - 400 ppm. In sum, not much space remains to be distributed and shared in our intensely unequal world.

But this is not all that confounds the science. The fact is greenhouse gases have a very long life in the atmosphere. Gases released, say, since the late 1800s when the Western world was beginning to industrialize, are still up there. This is the natural debt that needs to be repaid, like the financial debt of nations.

It was for this reason the Kyoto Protocol, agreed in 1997, set emission limits on industrialized countries - they had to reduce so that the developing world could increase. It is a matter of record the emissions of these countries continued to rise. As a result, today there is even less atmospheric space for the developing world to occupy. It is also evident the industrial world did nothing; it knew it needed to fill the space as quickly as possible. Now we have just crumbs to fight over.

It is also no surprise, then, that Western academics are now calling upon the developing world to take on emission reduction targets: there is no space left for them to grow. The logic is simple, though twisted and ingenious. No space left to grow. Ergo, “you cannot ask for the right to pollute,” they tell the developing world.

This is unacceptable. We know emissions of carbon dioxide are linked to economic growth, therefore, capping emissions without equal apportionment will mean freezing inequity in this world.

Unacceptable.

We know also that this apportionment is an intensely political decision, for it will determine the way the world will share both the common space and economic growth. It is only when we agree on the formula for sharing that we can agree on how much the already - industrialized countries have to cut and by when, and how much the rest (India included) have to cut and by when.

Instead, what we have is a pincer movement. The already - industrialized do not want to set interim targets to reduce their emissions drastically. They want to change the base - year from when emission reduction will be counted - 2005 or 2007, instead of 1990. This means two things. One, they want to continue to grow (occupy space) in the coming years.

Two, the space they have already occupied - as their emissions vastly increased between 1990 and 2007 - should be forgiven. All this when we know meeting the 450 ppm target requires space to be vacated fast - they must peak within the next few years and then reduce drastically by at least 40 per cent by 2020 over 1990 levels. But why do this, when you can muscle your way into space?

So how will the world share the carbon budget? The only answer is it will have to be based on equity. We will discuss these issues, even as the climate clock ticks.

Courtesy: http://www.downtoearth.org.in/cover_nl.asp?mode=1

Microwaved water - a MUST read

2009-09-07T00:00:00.000+05:30

A 26-year old decided to have a cup of coffee. He took a cup of water and put it in the microwave to heat it up (something that he had done numerous times before).
I am not sure how long he set the timer for, but he told me he wanted to bring the water to a boil..

When the timer shut the oven off, he removed the cup from the oven. As he looked into the cup, he noted that the water was not boiling, but instantly the water in the cup 'blew up' into his face. The cup remained intact until he threw it out of his hand but all the water had flown out into his face due to the build up of energy.

His whole face is blistered and he has 1st and 2nd degree burns to his face, which may leave scarring. He also may have lost partial sight inhis left eye.

While at the hospital, the doctor who was attending to him stated that this is fairly common occurrence and water (alone) should never be heated in a microwave oven.. If water is heated in this manner, something should be placed in the cup to
diffuse the energy such as: a wooden stir stick, tea bag, etc. It is however a much safer choice to boil the water in a tea kettle.

General Electric's (GE) response:

Thanks for contacting us. I will be happy to assist you.

The e-mail thatyou received is correct. Microwaved water and other liquids do not always bubble when they reach the boiling point. They can actually get superheated and not bubble at all.

The superheated liquid will bubble up out of the cup when it is moved or when somethinglike a spoon or tea bag is put into it.

To prevent this from happening and causing injury,
do not heat any liquid for more than two minutes per cup.

After heating, let the cup stand in the microwave for thirty seconds before moving it or adding anything into it.

If you pass this on, you could very well save someone from a lot of pain and suffering.

(This post actually a mail sent to me by a friend ASHOK PANIGRAHI from ALL INDIA RADIO, CUTTACK with a request to forward it to as many persons as possible...so I published it here.)

GUESS, WHAT IS THIS?

2009-09-03T00:00:00.000+05:30

CAN YOU GUESS,
WHAT IS THIS?

SCROLL DOWN FOR THE ANSWER
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Its a hard disk in 1956....

The Volume and Size of 5MB memory storage in 1956.

In September 1956 IBM launched the 305 RAMAC, the first computer with a hard disk drive (HDD). The HDD weighed over a ton and stored 5MB of data.

Fun Time for Engineers,mathematicians and Scientists

2009-08-30T11:07:00.000+05:30

A mechanical engineer, an electrical engineer and a software engineer are travelling in an old Fiat 500 when all of the sudden the car backfires and comes to a halt.

The mechanical engineer says "Ah! It's probably a problem with the valves, or the piston!".

The electrical engineer says "Nonsense! It's most probably a problem with the spark plugs or the battery!".

The software engineer says "How about we all get out of the car, and get back in again, It might work...".

Here’s a few of Engineer’s favorite pickup lines:-----

1.My love for you is like a concave up function… always increasing

2.I find you more fascinating than the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Short jokes & quotes loved by engineers and scientists-----

A mathematician is a device for turning coffee into theorems.

Before I die, I hope that someone will explain quantum mechanics to me. After I die, I hope that God will explain turbulence to me. (W. Heisenberg)

Philosophy is a game with objectives and no rules. Mathematics is a game with rules and no objectives.

The speed of time is one second per second.

Life is complex. It has real and imaginary components.

God made the natural integers numbers. The others were man-made. (Weierstrass)

Maths is like love -- a simple idea but it can get complicated.

Black holes are where God is dividing by zero.

Absolute zero is *cool*.

Gravitation can not be held responsible for people falling in love. (Albert Einstein)

Life is a sexually transmitted disease.

Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe." (Einstein)

Pain Killers or Silent Killers ?

2009-08-26T00:00:00.012+05:30

No words to express what wonder a small pill shows in combating and excruciating pains in the body. The pain killers are so amazing that almost each of us loves to take them to get the relief.
Analgesic or the pain killers are the drugs used to relieve pain, a drug that suppresses inflammation in a manner similar to steroids, but without the side effects of steroids.
Pain killers work in different ways. Some have the ability to calm nerves or alleviate pains, others can temporarily get rid of them but all the pain killers are not safe to use. They may have side effects that can pose greater danger to our body than the pains themselves.
Not all of us know that our own body has a way of confronting pain. In fact, the body produces endorphins during a stressful activity such as exercise. This chemical has endogenous opioid, which is present in morphine, methadone and even heroin. It is also an ingredient of the strongest painkillers in the market – the one that relieves cancer pain. Endorphin is actually known as the body's natural painkiller.
However, painkillers have created a kind of addiction epidemic among users. Although legally suggested by doctors, patients could eventually become dependent. In fact, prescription painkiller addiction is one of the biggest unnoticed drug abuse problems. Unlike illegal drugs, painkillers are given with medical consent. Studies show that they are far more dangerous because of their nature.
In some cases, the body gets used to painkillers. It will not respond anymore with its presence, especially when taken for a long time. This is called drug tolerance.
However, many people are developing dependence or addiction rather than mere tolerance.
When painkillers are suddenly stopped, withdrawal symptoms will soon follow.
The most commonly abused prescription painkillers are benzodiazepines and opioids. Benzodiazepines are also known as tranquilizers, which doctors give to people to manage or overcome anxiety attacks. Opiods are one of the strongest painkillers, and are mostly given to reduce cancer pain and other chronic pains.

Side Effects of the Pain Killers

There are actually different ways by which each person responds to painkillers. Although most painkillers are available over the counter, it is advisable to see the doctor just to be sure about the side effects that a certain drug may have.

Painkillers that are anti-depressants have several side effects. Most of them dry the mouth, cause changes in sleeping patterns, cause drowsiness, and increase or decrease appetite.

Other steroid painkillers can result in a bigger appetite, more energy, and indigestion and altered sleeping patterns. If you have difficulty sleeping, take steroids during the day. More serious side effects of steroids include increased infection risks, higher blood sugar levels, higher blood pressure, and the presence of sugar in urine.

Anti-inflammatory drugs that are also painkillers, such as aspirin, can undoubtedly irritate the stomach and the entire digestive system. In extreme cases, ulceration or bleeding can occur. It is important to eat before taking such medications. Also, these drugs can slow blood clotting.

Remember to see your doctor if you notice these side effects, or it may lead to more serious repercussions.

How technology changed us........

2009-08-22T21:26:00.003+05:30

IT Heights... ( Humor )

2009-08-17T23:00:00.004+05:30

HEIGHT OF ISOLATION:
Two persons sitting side by side using emails to communicate with each other.

HEIGHT OF COWARDICE:
Two persons fighting through emails.

HEIGHT OF HELPLESSNESS:
Receiving no emails for a week.

HEIGHT OF FRUSTRATION:
The email server being down.

HEIGHT OF CARELESSNESS:
Writing a love mail and doing a 'Send All.'

HEIGHT OF TIMEPASS:
A person sending email to himself

HEIGHT OF EXPECTATION:
Sending Indian cricket team an e-mail, wishing them to win a match

HEIGHT OF REPETITION:
Forwarding an email to someone and receiving the same email forwarded back to you By some one in the receiving chain.

HEIGHT OF BROWSING:
U r swimming in the water tank and shout 'F1 F1 F1 ' instead of shouting 'HELP' when u are unable to swim...

laser

2009-08-13T00:09:00.000+05:30

Laser [acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation] , device for the creation, amplification, and transmission of a narrow, intense beam of coherent light, visible electromagnetic radiation.
Of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, the human eye is sensitive to only a tiny part, the part that is called light.
The coherent light produced by a laser differs from ordinary light in a way that it is made up of waves all of the same wavelength and all in phase; ordinary light contains many different wavelengths and phase relations.
The laser can be explained on the basis of the quantum theory.
The electromagnetic energy is transmitted in discrete amounts (i.e., in units or packets) called quanta.
A quantum of electromagnetic energy is called a photon, the particle composing light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation, sometimes called light quantum.
The energy carried by each photon is proportional to its frequency.
An atom or molecule of a substance usually does not emit energy; it is then said to be in a low-energy or ground state. When an atom or molecule in the ground state absorbs a photon, it is raised to a higher energy state, and is said to be excited.
The substance spontaneously returns to a lower energy state by emitting a photon with a frequency proportional to the energy difference between the excited state and the lower state.
In the simplest case, the substance will return directly to the ground state, emitting a single photon with the same frequency as the absorbed photon.
In a laser, the atoms or molecules are excited so that more of them are at higher energy levels than are at lower energy levels, a condition known as an inverted population.

If a photon whose frequency corresponds to the energy difference between the excited state and the ground state strikes an excited atom, the atom is stimulated to emit a second photon of the same frequency, in phase with and in the same direction as the bombarding photon.
The bombarding photon and the emitted photon may then each strike other excited atoms, stimulating further emissions of photons, all of the same frequency and all in phase.
This produces a sudden burst of coherent radiation as all the atoms discharge in a rapid chain reaction.
Often the laser is constructed so that the emitted light is reflected between opposite ends of a resonant cavity; an intense, highly focused light beam passes out through one end, which is only partially reflecting.
If the atoms are pumped back to an excited state as soon as they are discharged, a steady beam of coherent light is produced.

Characteristics of Lasers

The physical size of a laser depends on the materials used for light emission, on its power output, and on whether the light is emitted in pulses or as a steady beam.
In some lasers, a gas or liquid is used as the emitting medium.

Applications of Lasers

When lasers were invented in 1960, they were called "a solution looking for a problem".

In every section of modern society, including consumer electronics, information technology, science, medicine, industry, law enforcement, entertainment, and the military.

The first application of lasers visible in the daily lives of the general population was the supermarket barcode scanner, introduced in 1974.

The laserdisc player, introduced in 1978, was the first successful consumer product to include a laser, but the compact disc player was the first laser-equipped device to become truly common in consumers' homes, beginning in 1982, followed shortly by laser printers.

Some of the other applications include:

Medicine: Bloodless surgery, laser healing, surgical treatment, kidney stone treatment, eye treatment, dentistry
Industry: Cutting, welding, material heat treatment, marking parts
Defense: Marking targets, guiding munitions, missile defence, electro-optical countermeasures (EOCM), alternative to radar
Research: Spectroscopy, laser ablation, Laser annealing, laser scattering, laser interferometry, LIDAR, Laser capture micro dissection
Product development/commercial: laser printers, CDs, barcode scanners, thermometers, laser pointers, holograms, bubble grams.
Laser lighting displays: Laser light shows
Laser skin procedures such as acne treatment, cellulite reduction, and hair removal.

Digital signature

2009-08-09T00:04:00.000+05:30

The digital signature is an electronic signature that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a message or the signer of a document, and possibly to ensure that the original content of the message or document that has been sent is unchanged.

The digital signature is a digital guarantee that information has not been modified, as if it were protected by a tamper-proof seal that is broken if the content were altered.

The two major applications of digital signatures are for setting up a secure connection to a Web site and verifying the integrity of files transmitted.

Digital signatures are easily transportable, cannot be imitated by someone else, and can be automatically time-stamped.

The ability to ensure that the original signed message arrived means that the sender cannot easily repudiate it later.

A digital signature can be used with any kind of message, whether it is encrypted or not, simply so that the receiver can be sure of the sender's identity and that the message arrived intact.

A digital certificate contains the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that anyone can verify that the certificate is real.

In cryptography, digital signatures are a method of authenticating digital information often is analogous to a physical signature on paper. Whilst there are analogies, there are also differences which can be important. The term electronic signature, although used for the same thing, has a distinct meaning: it refers to any of several, not necessarily cryptographic, mechanisms for identifying the originator of an electronic message. Commonly such electronic signatures have included cable and Telex addresses, as well as FAX transmission of handwritten signatures on a paper document.

How It Works

Assume you were going to send the draft of a contract to your lawyer in another town. You want to give your lawyer the assurance that it was unchanged from what you sent and that it is really from you.

You copy and paste the contract into an e-mail note.

Using special software, you obtain a message hash of the contract.

You then use a private key that you have previously obtained from a public-private key authority to encrypt the hash.

The encrypted hash becomes your digital signature of the message. At the other end, your lawyer receives the message.

To make sure it's intact and from you, your lawyer makes a hash of the received message.

Your lawyer then uses your public key to decrypt the message hash or summary.
If the hashes match, the received message is valid

Orthomolecular medicine

2009-08-04T00:00:00.001+05:30

Orthomolecular is a term that comes from ortho, which is Greek for "correct" or "right," and "molecule," which is the simplest structure that displays the characteristics of a compound. So it literally means the "right molecule."

Two-time Nobel Prize winner, and molecular biologist, Linus Pauling, Ph.D.,coined the term "Orthomolecular" in his 1968 .

An orthomolecular substance is something that provides the body with the "right molecules" it needs for health. It might be called "optimal nutrition".

Orthomolecular medicine is defined as the practice of preventing and treating disease by providing the body with optimal amounts of substances which are natural to the body.

Orthomolecular medicine believes that the basis for health is good nutrition. It uses nutrients and normal (''ortho'') building blocks of the body in optimal amounts as the basis of treatment. The objective is to use the amounts that lead to the best health and greatest decrease in disease. It is the most effective prevention in the treatment of disease.

Orthomolecular intervention can help in the regaining of health. It can be used to therapeutically treat diseases such as cancer and AIDS, or to help prevent the progression of degenerative disease and aging. Orthomolecular medicine is occasionally referred to as megavitamin therapy.

"Orthomolecular treatment does not lend itself to rapid drug-like control of symptoms, but patients get well to a degree not seen by tranquilizer therapists who believe orthomolecular therapists are prone to exaggeration. Those who've seen the results are astonished.

Orthomolecular medicine might be considered when Down syndrome is present.

Orthomolecular treatment for alcoholism involves using the nutrients necessary to overcome nutritional diseases caused by alcoholism.

WATER IS PRECIOUS: SAVE IT

2009-08-02T00:00:00.000+05:30

Water-Therapy

2009-07-31T23:59:00.000+05:30

Water, a precious gift bestowed on us by Mother Nature, forms a major part of our body constitution. In fact, 2/3 of our body weight is water. The very composition of our body is like that blood is 83% water, muscles are 75% water, brain is 74% water and bone is 22% water. Water is necessary for the very survival of human beings, as it ensures the smooth functioning of body systems.

Lack of water in the body tends to give rise to dehydration, thereby posing hurdles for the blood to circulate. The gravity of problem increases, as it causes the brain to become less active and your body feels tired and fatigued. Water keeps the digestive system in order and flushes out the waste products from your body. Well, the reservoir encompassing the advantages of drinking water is very large, so, read further to explore other health benefits of drinking water…

Water acts as a natural remedy to head your way towards achieving beautiful rich glowing skin. Drinking water skin benefits can be attributed to the fact that water acts as a body purifier, by removing toxins and waste from your body. People who are fed up with their overweight problem, for them hot lemon water works wonders in fastening their weight loss program. It also keeps your heart healthy. So, drink lots of water throughout the day, to promote your mind body fitness.

Water, the natural solution

There is no substitute for a healthy balanced diet, especially rich in antioxidant materials such as vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and other foods that are good for us. However, these substances are not the best source of free electrons that can block the oxidation of healthy tissue by active oxygen.

Water treated by electrolysis to increase its reduction potential is the best solution to the problem of providing a safe source of free electrons to block the oxidation of normal tissue by free oxygen radicals. We believe that reduced water, water with an excess of free electrons to donate to active oxygen, is the best solution because:

The reduction potential of water can be dramatically increased over other antioxidants in food or vitamin supplements.
The molecule weight of reduced water is low, making it fast acting and able to reach all tissues of the body in a very short time.

What is IONIZED WATER?

Ionized water is the product of mild electrolysis which takes place in the ionized water unit. The production of ionized water, its properties, and how it works in the human body are described in the next section. Ionized water is treated tap water that has not only been filtered, but has also been reformed in that it provides reduced water with a large mass of electrons that can be donated to active oxygen in the body to block the oxidation of normal cells.

THE IONIZED WATER UNIT

Tap water: What it is and isn't

Normal tap water, for example, with a pH of 7 is approximately neutral on the pH scale of 0 to 14. When measured with an ORP (oxidation potential) meter its redox potential is approximately +400 to +500 mV. Because it has a positive redox potential, it is apt to acquire electrons and oxidize other molecules. Reduced Ionized Water, on the other hand, has a negative redox potential of approximately -250 to -350 mV. This means it has a large mass of electrons ready to donate to electron-thieving active oxygen.

How Much Water to Drink Per Day
There is no clear-cut answer as to how much water to drink per day, because it depends upon a number of factors like your health condition, your activity status etc.

Warm Lemon Water Benefits
Warm lemon water serves as the perfect good morning drink, as it aids the digestive system and makes the process of eliminating the waste products from the body easier.

Water Weight Loss Benefits
Drinking water and weight loss are directly related to each other. Water helps to lose weight by boosting your metabolism rate, thus paving way for quick weight loss.

The Food Pharmacy

2009-07-29T00:00:00.000+05:30

The food pharmacy is not at all a kitchen cabinet full of foods that miraculously cure different ailments, it is an idea—how the food can help prevent and even treat disease. A "food pharmacist" realizes that there will not be an instant difference in health when eating differently, but instead a long-term and healthier difference.
Studies suggest that diet plays an important role in health. This suggests that a diet made up of 80 to 90 percent plant materials might be the best for guarding against cancer and heart disease.

The citizens of the most industrialized countries have high incidences of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity, to name just a few of our problems, leading to heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems; and obesity (being 20% overweight), which, when compared to a person of average weight, means that you have three times more possibility of a heart attack, five times more of diabetes, and six times more of developing gall bladder diseases. Is our modern, rich food worth the health price we pay?

What does a food pharmacist do?

What does a food pharmacist say about this? Changing your diet acts as preventive medicine to some of major health problems (and is a lot less expensive and less stressful that a heart bypass). The food pharmacist begins consuming less of the foods that are bad for our bodies, and more of the foods that help our bodies. A quick rule of thumb would be to begin eliminating fats and sugar from your diet and limit the cholesterol and salt, because these substances to high cholesterol and clogged arteries and obesity and its problems. In replacement, use whole grains, tubers, fruits, vegetables, and drink plenty of water.

A diet that stresses vegetables and fruits provides you less risk of developing the aforementioned "industrial" diseases. Vegetables and fruit do not have a lot of cholesterol or sugar. You can eat more without gaining weight. And finally, fruits and vegetables may provide added protection against cancer. Research studies have identified thousands of phytochemicals, natural chemical compounds produced by plants, that appear to be able to either repair damaged cells or prevent pre-cancerous damage from occurring.

Can foods cure us? Consider this: Twenty-five percent of all prescription drugs used throughout the world are derived from natural plant substances. If you count fungus and molds, that figure jumps to 50 percent. Penicillin was isolated from bread mold. Malaria can be prevented and cured with quinine, a substance derived from cinchona bark. Morphine is made from an extract of the poppy plant. The list goes on.
If we continue to study the plants in the world around us—both the food plants and others—we might will prove Hippocrates correct when he said "Food is your best medicine and the best foods are the best medicine." and support the Chinese herbalist Shin Huang who said "It is diet which maintains true health and becomes the best drug." Who knows, maybe someday your physician will prescribe foods. Wouldn't that be great?

Fruits in general, contain caffeic acid, which helps make carcinogens water soluble and easier to excrete.

Apple: Boron, mineral linked to the prevention of osteoporosis

Cantaloupe, kiwi, mango, papaya: Vitamin C, an antioxidant; helps immune system by stimulating white blood cells

Bananas: Potassium, which may help regulate blood pressure

Citrus Fruits

In general, limone, which increases activity of enzymes that eliminate carcinogens.
Oranges, grapefruit: A variety of phytochemicals that may reduce inflammation that causes asthma, arthritis, and allergies.

Pineapple: Bromelain, an enzyme that may relieve symptoms of heart disease and asthma.

Manganese; which helps build bones.

Vegetables

Broccoli: Dithiolthiones, which may speed up production of enzymes that protect DNA from damage. Sulforaphane, which may be used prevent breast cancer.

Cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, mustard greens, rutabaga, turnip green, Indoles: which might lower risk of breast cancer. Isothiocynates, which help protect DNA.

Peppers: Phytochemicals, which may prevent carcinogens from activity.

Capsaicin: which is used to treat arthritis.

Tomatoes: Vitamin C, an antioxidant, Lycopne, which may be linked to lower incidences of cancer.

Carrots: Beta carotene, an antioxidant; might prevent and treat cancer; lowers cholesterol

Asparagus: Fiber, vitamin C, and calcium; and a phytochemical that may prevent cervical cancer

Garlic, onion: Allyl sulfides, which have antibiotic properties and may help an enzyme that removes carcinogens in the body.

Soybeans: Genistein, which may be able to block tumor growth.

Indian N-submarine : INS Arihant

2009-07-28T00:00:00.001+05:30

India on Sunday reached a milestone when Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his wife Gursharan Kaur launched the country's first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine 'INS Arihant' for sea trials.

Kaur broke a coconut and performed a puja after which she unveiled a plaque naming the 112-metre-long submarine. "I name it INS Arihant. All the best to the submarine," she said.(INS Arihant, which translates as "destroyer of enemies")

Declaring that India has achieved a "historic milestone in the country's defence preparedness" with the launch of the submarine, the Prime Minister said, "We don't have any aggressive designs nor do we seek to threaten anyone.

"We seek an external environment in our region and beyond that is conducive to our peaceful development and protection of our value systems," Singh said in his speech congratulating everyone associated with the advanced technology vessel (n-submarine) programme.

Singh said, "Nevertheless, it is incumbent upon us to take all measures necessary to safeguard our country and to keep pace with technological advancements worldwide".

With the sea trials, India has announced to the world that it possesses underwater platforms capable of launching nuclear weapons, completing its nuclear triad (land, air and sea) capability and strengthening its strategic deterrence.

It also made its entry into an elite club of nations comprising the US, Russia, France, the UK and China, which possess capabilities to develop nuclear submarine.

Code-named Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV), the submarine christened 'INS Arihant' (destroyer of enemy) was launched for sea trials at the Matsya naval dockyard here.

As India has declared "no first use" of nuclear weapons, the country's weapons system must survive a first strike for retaliation.

Therefore, Arihant's primary weapon is stealth as it can lurk in ocean depths of half a kilometre or more and fire its missiles from under the sea.

The 6000-tonne submarine is powered by an 85 megawatt capacity nuclear reactor and can acquire surface speeds of 22 to 28 kmph (12-15 knots) and submerged speed upto 44 kmph (24 knots). It will be carrying a crew of 95 men and will be armed with torpedoes and missiles including 12 ballistic missiles.

Four more nuclear-powered submarine of this class have already got government's nod and these would add to the Navy's underwater combat potential in the years to come.

Defence Minister A K Antony, Navy chief Admiral Sureesh Mehta and Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy witnessed the event.

The Prime Minister flew to Vishakapatnam on Sunday morning by the IAF's newly acquired Boeing business jet and reached the venue of the submarine launch by road.

Sea trials of the submarine will be conducted in the Bay of Bengal off Vishakapatnam, where the vessel was under construction for the last two decades.

The Rs 30,000-crore secret nuclear submarine project was started in the 1980s though it was conceived by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the 1970s.

The first official admission of the project nearing completion came this February when Antony had announced it during the AeroIndia show in Bangalore.

INS Arihant can also be armed with cruise missiles.

The DRDO is already working on an equally secretive Sagarika project for a 700-km K-15 missile, capable of carrying nuclear weapons.

With US, Russia and China already fielding 5,000-km range SLBMs, the DRDO too has recently tested an SLBM based on the design of 3,500-km range Agni-III.

The induction of ATV will help India to complete the nuclear weapons triad, as envisaged under its nuclear doctrine to deliver nuke-tipped missiles from land, air and sea.

India has land-based nuclear-capable Agni ballistic missiles, apart from IAF fighters such as Mirage-2000 that can deliver tactical nukes.

Two decades ago, India had operated a Charlie-class nuclear submarine, christened INS Chakra, leased from Russia for three years between 1989 and 1991.

Moscow will again lease out two Akula-class nuclear submarines to New Delhi for 10 years. Plans to deliver the submarines this June were hit by a mishap during sea trials late last year. But hopes have soared for its delivery in 2010 after Russia took out the repaired vessel for sea trials again early this month.

COURTESY: NDTV

Man becoming God???: Human sperm grown in lab

2009-07-25T00:00:00.000+05:30

In this 'Brave New World' fact is truly becoming stranger than fiction.

In a first-ever, scientists have announced the creation of artificial human sperms from a source far removed from its origins. Stem cells derived from human bone marrow are now the new ‘fathers’ of immature sperms, which the scientists hope can eventually be worked upon to benefit infertile men.

The extraordinary development, which until a few years ago belonged in the realms of science fiction, raises hopes that infertile men may one day be able to father their own biological children.

The sperm were created in a test tube, from stem cells derived from a five-day-old male embryo. The advance raises ethical questions over the safety of the procedure and the threat it poses to the future role of men. It was also challenged by experts who claimed the sperm-like cells produced in the experiment were not genuine sperm.

If the finding is confirmed, a single male embryo could, in theory, yield a stem-cell line which when stored could provide an unlimited supply of sperm. Once the stem-cell line was established, there would be no further reproductive need for men. In a briefing on the research, the scientists at Newcastle University and the NorthEast England Stem Cell Institute, led by Professor Karim Nayernia, raise the question of whether their discovery means "the end of men" or the man becoming God?

The stem cells from which the sperm were made could only be derived from a male embryo – one containing a Y (male) chromosome – so at least one male would be required.

Three years ago, Professor Nayernia led scientists at the University of Gottingen in Germany who became the first to produce viable sperm from mouse embryonic stem cells which were used to produce seven live offspring. However, the baby mice died shortly after birth.

The latest discovery is a further step on the way to finding a cure for male infertility.

TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE 2009

2009-07-21T00:00:00.005+05:30

On Wednesday, 2009 July 22, a total eclipse of the Sun will be visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses half of Earth which includes most of eastern Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. The total solar eclipse of 22nd of July 2009 will be the longest eclipse of the 21st Century being 6 minutes 38 seconds at the point of maximum eclipse. The occurrences of total solar eclipses are still important, not withstanding the invention of coronagraph in 1930 and number of space instruments launched in space to make the observations of solar corona in EUV, soft X-ray and low resolution broad band images. The total solar eclipses provide minimum of scattered light about 1000 times less than that in the coronagraphs.

The total solar eclipse will be of longest duration during this century. It will be visible in India, some of the Japanese islands, China and Pacific Ocean. The eclipse begins with the sunrise in the western part of India, travels to eastern part of India, crosses to Myna-mar (Burma), small islands of Japan and China. In India Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Varanasi and Patna are some of the cities lie close to the central part of the totality. In China duration of the totality will be about 5 minutes. In India altitude of the sun will be about 15 degrees in the eastern part at the time of total eclipse and this period is full of rains due to South West monsoon.

What Causes a Solar Eclipse?

An eclipse occurs at those times when the Moon moves into a position of direct alignment with the Sun and the Earth. Not all solar eclipses are total. During a partial solar eclipse, only the penumbra touches our planet. The umbra passes either just above the North Pole or just below the South Pole, completely missing the Earth. No total eclipse is visible -- only partial phases can be seen.

Why is a total solar eclipse such a rare event?

Eclipses do not occur every month during a new Moon or a full Moon. This is because the orbit of the Moon is tilted by about five degrees with respect to the Earth’s orbit, so that usually the Moon passes slightly above or below the line between the Sun and the Earth. Thus at most new and full Moons, the shadows miss their mark and no eclipse occurs.

To see a total solar eclipse, you have to be in the path of totality. With fewer than 70 total eclipses per century, the chance to see one is for most of us a once-in-a-lifetime event.

The sun's outermost region, called the corona, shines like a halo around the moon during a total solar eclipse. Such eclipses occur when a new moon passes in front of the sun. They don't happen often—only about once a year—since the tilted orbits of the sun, moon, and Earth make their alignment rare. Total solar eclipses are of special interest to astronomers because it is the only time the sun's corona can be seen from the Earth's surface.

On Wednesday, 2009 July 22, a total eclipse of the Sun will be visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses half of Earth which includes most of eastern Asia, and the Pacific Ocean. The total solar eclipse of 22nd of July 2009 will be the longest eclipse of the 21st Century being 6 minutes 38 seconds at the point of maximum eclipse. The occurrences of total solar eclipses are still important, not withstanding the invention of coronagraph in 1930 and number of space instruments launched in space to make the observations of solar corona in EUV, soft X-ray and low resolution broad band images. The total solar eclipses provide minimum of scattered light about 1000 times less than that in the coronagraphs.

The total solar eclipse will be of longest duration during this century. It will be visible in India, some of the Japanese islands, China and Pacific Ocean. The eclipse begins with the sunrise in the western part of India, travels to eastern part of India, crosses to Myna-mar (Burma), small islands of Japan and China. In India Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Varanasi and Patna are some of the cities lie close to the central part of the totality. In China duration of the totality will be about 5 minutes. In India altitude of the sun will be about 15 degrees in the eastern part at the time of total eclipse and this period is full of rains due to South West monsoon.

Imaging of the solar corona has the advantages of providing the information over two dimensional region of the solar corona but it may have the small uncertainty of in the data due to variations in the sky transparency. On the other hand spectroscopy provides data only on the small portion of the solar corona but with spectral purity and is possible to account for the variations in the sky transparency. Line profiles can also yield information about the temperature and non-thermal structure of the solar corona.

Watch solar eclipse with precaution

For protecting the eyes, one must use tested solar filter goggles all through the partial phase, only during the period of totality one can enjoy the total solar eclipse with naked eyes.

BIODIVERSITY

2009-07-18T17:49:00.002+05:30

Biodiversity (or biological diversity) has been described as the rich variety of life on Earth. So far, mankind has discovered about 1.75 million living things; estimates of the total number of species on Earth range from 5 million to 100 million species. Biodiversity is critical to every person on this planet. All of nature's plants and animals contribute to maintaining a healthy place for us to live. We depend on them for food, air, water, clothing, building materials, medicines, and natural refuges.

Nature is healthiest and strongest when there is a rich variety of different species, with an abundance of genetic diversity within species. Living organisms interact with one another, and delicate balances between and among organisms are achieved through millions of intricate, natural processes. These balances are easily impaired or destroyed.

Our world's natural biodiversity is in trouble. Planet Earth is undergoing a rapid loss of species, causing ecological crises on a global scale. Scientists around the world are warning us that we are destroying, at an unprecedented rate in human history, the very things that give us life and good health.

Human activities are largely responsible for the rapid loss of species. Examples include clear-cut logging, road building, conversion of natural lands to single-species crops, over-fishing, draining wetlands, burning rainforests and damming watersheds. These types of activities destroy or change natural habitats and populations to the point where local plants and animals cannot cope, populations dwindle, and often species begin to disappear. Losses may be more serious than we know because there are many undiscovered species and many unknown interactions between species. This realization should intensify our concern for the life-giving values we may be destroying.

HOT SPOTS – AN INTRODUCTION

Biodiversity is not distributed uniformly across the globe. Some habitats, particularly tropical forests among terrestrial systems possess a greater number or density of species than others. Thus a 13.7 sq km area of the La Selva Forest Reserve in Costa Rica contains almost 1,500 plant species, more than the total found in 243,500 sq km of Great Britain, while Ecuador harbours more than 1,300 bird species, or almost twice as many as the USA and Canada combined (Myers, 1988). It is widely accepted that the identification and prioritisation of important centres of biodiversity are necessary at both the national and the global scale for conservation action. A number of methods by which such areas could be determined have been suggested.

The most widely accepted approach of suggesting target areas for conservation action is to identify areas with the greatest number of endemic or restricted-range species. An endemic species is one restricted to some given area, which might be a mountain top, a river, a country or continent.

An important study that has attempted to use endemic species to identify areas of global conservation concern was that of Myers (1988, 1990). Focusing on tropical forests, Myers identified 18 regions or ‘hot spots’ that are characterised by high concentration of endemic species and are experiencing unusually rapid rates of habitat modification or loss. Together, these 18 sites contain approximately 49,955 endemic plant species, or 20% of the world’s recorded plant species, in only 746,400 sq km or 0.5% of the earth's land surface.

INDIA—A MEGA BIODIVERSITY COUNTRY

India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries of the world. The country is divided into 10 bio-geographic regions : Trans-Himalayan, Himalayan, Indian Desert, Semi-Arid, Western Ghats, Deccan Peninsula, Gangetic Plains, North-East India, Islands and Coasts, and this diversity creates rich biodiversity in the country. The wide variety in physical features and climatic situations have resulted in a diversity of ecological habitats like forests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine ecosystems and desert ecosystems, which harbour and sustain the immense biodiversity. With only 2.4% of the total land area of the world, the known biological diversity of India contributes 8% to the known global biological diversity. Currently available data place India in the tenth position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. In terms of the number of mammalian species, India ranks tenth in the world; in terms of the endemic species of higher vertebrates, it ranks eleventh. It stands seventh in the world for the number of species contributed to agriculture and animal husbandry.

CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA

Conservation and sustainable use of biological resources based on local knowledge systems and practices is ingrained in Indian ethos and way of life. Initiation of policies and programmes for conservation and sustainable utilisation of biological resources date back to several decades. As a result, India has a strong network of institutions mapping biodiversity and undertaking taxonomic studies. The Botanical Survey of India (established in 1890) and the Zoological Survey of India (established in 1916) are primarily responsible for survey of flora and fauna. The National Institute of Oceanography and several other specialised institutions and universities further strengthen the taxonomic data base. Based on the survey of 70% of the total geographical area of the country, 46,000 species of plants and 81,000 species of animals have been recorded so far. These life forms are actually and potentially important for developments in the fields of food, medicine, textiles, energy, recreation and tourism. The areas not yet surveyed include the inaccessible Himalayan area, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Exclusive Economic Zone. These areas are expected to be rich repositories of endemic and other species.

Some Key facts about Climate change

2009-07-11T12:17:00.009+05:30

Changing patterns of rainfall and drought, shifts in the location and intensity of diseases, rising sea levels and increased and more intense climate-related disasters such as hurricanes or floods will all have the greatest impact on the poorest people in our world. Tackling the causes of a changing climate, and minimising the harms, is a matter of justice.

Some Key facts

The world has warmed by nearly 1° C over the last century. The rate of warming over the last 50 years is nearly twice that of the last 100 years.

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Eleven of the last 12 years rank among the 12 warmest years on record.

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Sea levels are rising at a rapid rate (having risen by 20cm over the 20th century); in Asia, the homes of 94 million people could be flooded by the end of the century, leading to large-scale migration.

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The area of the world stricken by drought has doubled between 1970 and the early 2000s. In Africa fertile land is already turning to desert. By 2020, climate change is predicted to reduce some African farming harvests by 50%

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Unpredictable rainfall, together with rising sea levels and higher sea temperatures will lead to more frequent storms, floods and droughts.

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Storm surges in coastal areas are a threat to the economies of low-lying countries like Egypt and Thailand, where many factories and offices are less than a metre above sea-level.

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Natural disasters can set back a country’s economy by years. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch hit more than 25% of households in Honduras and led to a 7% drop in agricultural output. The number of people living in poverty in Honduras is now growing.

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Between 1900 and 2004, 73% of disasters were climate related; 94% of disasters and 97% of disaster-related deaths occur in developing countries.

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Humanitarian responses to disasters cost donors $6 billion every year.

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By 2020 between 75 and 250 million people in Africa will be facing increased water shortages.

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Over 3 billion people in the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent could be facing acute shortages of water – affecting productivity and jobs.

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Rainfall in the wet season in Pakistan could increase by 5 to 50% by 2070, which would have significant impacts on cotton, the country’s main cash crop.

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Climate change brings the risk of increases in serious diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow fever and polio. Longer rainy seasons have already led to increased malaria in parts of Rwanda and Tanzania.

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Temperatures in 2100 could be 1.4 to 5.8° higher than in 1990 if emissions aren’t curbed now.

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A temperature rise of 2 to 3.5° in India would reduce farmers’ incomes by between 9 and 25%.

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A temperature rise of 2° would dramatically shrink the land available for growing Robusta coffee in Uganda and restrict it to upland areas.

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By 2025 two-thirds of the earth’s population will suffer water shortages.

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Love-letter by a Maths teacher (Humor)

2009-07-06T00:22:00.002+05:30

My Dear SweetHeart,

Yesterday, I was passing by your rectangular house in trigonometric lane.

There I saw you with our cute circular face,conical nose and spherical eyes, standing in your triangular garden. Before seeing you my heart was a null set, but when a vector of magnitude (likeness) from your eyes at a deviation of theta radians made a tangent to my heart, it differentiated.

My love for you is a quadratic equation with real roots, which only you can solve by making good binary relation with me.

The cosine of my love for you extends to infinity.

I promise that I should not resolve you into partial functions but if I do so, you can integrate me by applying the limits from zero to infinity. You are as essential to me as an element to a set.

The geometry of my life revolves around your acute personality. My love, if you do not meet me at parabola restaurant on date 10 at sunset, when the sun is making an angle of 160 degrees, my heart would be like a solved polynomial of degree 10. With love from your higher order derivatives of maxima and minima, of an unknown function.

Truly Yours

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The Monsoon

2009-06-29T11:03:00.000+05:30

What is the monsoon?

The word "monsoon" is derived from the Arabic word "mausim" which means season. Ancient traders sailing in the Indian Ocean and adjoining Arabian Sea used it to describe a system of alternating winds which blow persistently from the northeast during the northern winter and from the opposite direction, the southwest, during the northern summer. Thus, the term monsoon actually refers solely to a seasonal wind shift, and not to precipitation.

Even though the term monsoon was originally defined for the Indian subcontinent, monsoon circulations exist in other locations of the world as well, such as in Europe, Africa, and the west coasts of Chile and the United States. Arizona happens to be located in the area of the United States that experiences a monsoonal circulation. During the summer months, winds shift from a west or northwest direction to a south or southeasterly direction. This allows moisture from the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico to stream into the state. This shift in the winds, or monsoonal circulation, produces a radical change in moisture conditions statewide.

What causes this wind shift, or monsoon?

This change in wind direction is the result of two meteorological changes:
----the movement northward from winter to summer of the huge upper level subtropical high
pressure system, specifically known as the Bermuda High,
----the intense heating of the Mohave Desert creates rising air and surface low pressure, called a
thermal low.

These two features combine to create strong southerly flow over Arizona. The southerly low-level winds help to bring in moisture from Mexico, originally coming from a combination of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of California, and the Pacific Ocean. When this moisture encounters the higher terrain of Arizona, it gets lifted and forms thunderstorms. These thunderstorms can contain very heavy rainfall, hail, strong gusty winds, or a combination of these conditions.

By the way, the term "monsoons" as typically used in the phrase "when the monsoons arrive...", or "we had some monsoons move through town last night..." is wrong. There is no such thing as monsoons. The word should be used the same way that the word "summer" is used. Thus, the proper terminology is "monsoon thunderstorms" not "monsoons". Remember, the monsoon is just a seasonal shift in wind direction, the thunderstorms occur because of the moisture moving over the state from the south.

What are the effects of the monsoon?
The months of May and June tend to be very dry and warm months over Arizona. By the end of June, however, afternoon clouds can be seen building over the higher terrain of northern Arizona, and by the beginning of July, the skies typically begin to release its store of moisture. Thus, the monsoon represents the second rainy season for Arizona, with the first rainy season occurring during the cooler months of November through April.

The monsoon circulation does not produce thunderstorms every day during the months of July-September, but rather occurs in a pattern that has what are known as "bursts" and "breaks". During the "bursts" (below, left), weak disturbances in the upper atmosphere act to focus thunderstorm activity over the state for a period of a few days to more than a week. Occasionally, however, the Bermuda high will become a bit stronger and develops over northwestern Mexico. This leads to "breaks" (below, right) in the monsoon, where the southerly winds decrease and the atmosphere becomes much less likely to allow thunderstorms to develop. This leads to a significant decrease in thunderstorm activity, and may last from a day or two to close to a week. This cycle of "bursts" and "breaks" will continue from the onset of the monsoon circulation (typically becoming established near the end of June or the beginning of July), until the time when cold fronts begin to move across the state of Arizona (typically during the month of September), which returns our winds to a westerly or northwesterly direction

The Google Story

2009-06-26T00:00:00.002+05:30

" The google story" by David Wise is Quite an eyeopener on how Serjey and Larry managed to make their dreams into a $80 billion giant. The journey from the Stanford lab to the gates building to the garage to googleplex is worth a read.

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1)Google is a mis-spelt word. The original word is Googol which means 1 followed by 100 zeroes.

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2)Larry Page's brother Carl page also sold his internet company during the dot com era for an eye popping $500 million.

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3)Google's ad model was originally developed by a company named Overture ( Now a Yahoo company)

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4)From their original hostel at Stanford, Larry Page and Sergey Brin were shifted to a newly constructed building named William Gates building.

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5)Though a tech company Google followed the practices of media companies during its IPO. To protect itself from unwanted takeover threats the company issued class A and B types of shares. Valued similarly the two classes of shares differed only in their voting rights. The company also developed an auction based system of allotting its stake to prevent unwanted volatility just after listing.

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6)Google had lost the Amazon Europe ad deal to Yahoo. Larry and Serjey were traveling on their private jet when they got this news. With much persuation the founders arranged a secret meeting with Amazon's CEO. Google raised its bid to such a level that Yahoo was eventually forced to back out of the deal saying that it did not make business sense for the latter.

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7)Google's inhouse chef Charlie Ayers is one of the few chefs in the world who became a millionaire by selling personal Google shares given to him.

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8)Its very rare to find Kleiner Perkins and sequoia capital investing in the same venture. Larry and Sergie played a sleek game pitting the two VC'c against each other resulting in the two firms investing $12.5 million each.

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9)Google has a policy where employees are allowed to spend 20% of their time persuing their interests. Googlenews, Gmail and a host of other applications are a result of employee ideas which originated during this 20% time.

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10)Google has one of the largest hardware infrastructure and computing power in the world. This can be gauged from the fact that the company crawl the entire web and saves it in its computers. When a user searches for something, the google computers searches through the saved pages and throws out relevant results within seconds.

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Courtesy: http://www.thegooglestory.com

Health Benefits Of Sauna

2009-06-23T00:00:00.001+05:30

Sauna - what is it all about?

Sauna (a finnish word) means a room in which water is splashed on the hot rocks to produce steam (With evolving technology, sauna setup also has witnessed tremendous changes. Many new techniques are being developed and utilized to build new saunas; and to control the temperature inside). This steam is then used for its medical benefits in the form of Sauna bath. The temperature at which sauna bath should be taken is controlled by the participants.

Sauna bath opens the pores on skin and helps body to remove toxins and other impurities from within the body and blood. Sauna’s effect on human body shows unpredictable heart condition as the heart beats/pulse rate increases to almost double, causing blood circulation in the body increase towards the skin. In some people the blood pressure goes up and in some people it falls. However, a study carried out on health benefits of sauna by various health case institutes and magazines have stated that the sauna bath is safe for human health and does offer health benefits such as relaxation, weight loss and many more.

Sauna Health benefits

Sauna bath causes sweating & helps in opening skin pores. As we sweat more during sauna bath, it helps in excretion of body toxins and other impurities from the blood. People experience freshness in mood and health for longer time once they take sauna bath, as the body gets cleansed through sweating and muscles are relieved leading to the feeling of well-being. Sauna bath is also useful in joint pains as the warm steam helps blood flow resume effectively in all parts of the body and the contracted muscles are relieved.

It’s effectiveness in weight loss has been main reason people choose sauna bath over any other type of exercise. Sauna works positively on our metabolism and increases its speed and intensity, which in turn results in weight loss.

Regular sauna bath can also help mental and physical relaxation and release tension. People with sleep disorders such as insomnia and improper sleep condition can be benefited through sauna as it is very effective in inducing a good long relaxing sleep.

The heat generated during sauna bath helps our body in improving our immune system by increasing our body heat which simulates the fever condition. We also know about the medical properties of steam, which proves to be of great help in treating problems like cold (sinusitis), bronchitis, laryngitis etc.

15-20 minutes of sauna is almost equivalent to 1-2 hours of brisk walk or 1 hour of exercise. However, this effect can vary from person to person based on their physical condition.

For many people, sauna does not offer significant health benefits; in that case sauna can serve a purpose of leisure for them and not more than just a daily relaxation process and a way to preserve the glow on their face.

Caution

Pregnant women, heart patient with low or high blood pressure condition or suffering from any disease which has negative effect of sauna bath should first consult a physician regarding their physical condition and the length of period they can take sauna bath. It is always better to seek proper guidance from your physician before anyone is planning to try out sauna bath for any reason. People who consume alcohol or are undergoing some medication should first consult their physician before they try sauna.

Types of saunas

Infrared Sauna
Wet Sauna
Dry Sauna
Smoke Sauna
Steam Sauna

Facts about blood donation

2009-06-20T00:00:00.000+05:30

* Person above 18 years of age and over 50 Kgs. in weight can donate blood once in three months.

* A normal adult has five to six liters of blood in his/her body of which only 300 ml is used during blood donation.

* This blood is replaced by your body within 24 to 48 hours!

* No special diet, rest or medicine is required after blood donation.

* The donor should not have taken any medicine in the last 48 hours.

* The donor should not have contacted jaundice in the previous three years.

* Every donor is given a medical checkup prior to donation to see if he/she is medically fit and doesn't suffer from anemia, high blood pressure etc.,

* The donor cannot contract HIV/AIDS by donating blood provided the syringe and associated apparatus are not HIV infected.

Equations

2009-06-16T00:00:00.001+05:30

SSC + HSC + BTech + MBA = UNEMPLOYMENT

One Chinese gymnast = India's Gold Medal tally since 1896

Sushmita Sen - 1.2 feet = Salman Khan.

Special Effects in Shampoo ads = Special effects in Jurassic park.

4 weeks in Switzerland + London + New Zealand + Canada = a 4 minute song in Hindi movie.

Ajay Devgan + cosmetic surgery + acting ability + personality + own production company = Kajol..

Rona dhona x Bewafai x Badle ki aag = Your mum's favorite serials.

Amitabh Bachchan + Jaya Bachchan - Talent = Abhishek Bachchan

Any actor + Any actress + many movies = David Dhawan

1 smile + 32 teeth = Govinda

1 person - shirt = Salman Khan

1 person + straight hair + un-straight walk = Sanjay Dutt

1 hand + 10 kg weight = Sunny Deol

One engagement + Two weddings + Three wedding songs + Four hundred Relatives + A house bigger than Buckingham Palace = One Sooraj Barjataya Film

Reading mails all the time + no replies = Silence of the Lamb!

Software Engineer, Qualified Employee + No Work = Forwards

speedy Internet to developing world

2009-06-13T00:00:00.001+05:30

Satellites to bring speedy Internet to developing world

---By Brett Cherry

People across the developing world could have high-speed Internet access by late 2010, thanks to a new global satellite system.
The system was announced by the Jersey-based O3b Networks, whose name stands for the 'other three billion' people in developing countries who don't have access to the Internet.

Their satellite-based infrastructure will bring Internet access to countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.

Traditional communication satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of around 22,000 miles, which can limit signal strength and bandwidth. O3b will use cheaper medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites with an altitude of around 6,000 miles, which will provide a stronger signal.

O3b has already begun production of the 16 satellites. Once operational, it will provide speeds of up to ten gigabits per second, comparable to Internet access speeds available in the developed world. As demand increases, more satellites will be launched, according to Greg Wyler, chief executive officer of O3b Networks.
High-speed Internet access will bring a series of advantages to developing countries, including locally generated content, widespread e-learning, telemedicine and other enablers of social and economic growth, he adds.

Wyler says the satellite-based network will have significant advantages over broadband systems that use expensive materials such as fibre optic cables, and could potentially reduce the cost of Internet access in developing countries ten-fold.
O3b say underwater fibre networks that currently form the 'backbone' of developing world communications are extremely limited in providing Internet access.
But one of the hurdles to cheap high-speed access is gaining government licensing and working with telecom monopolies. Alan Jackson, chief technical officer at Aptivate, a nongovernmental organisation that provides information technology services for international development, told SciDev.Net that access is not about finding a "techno-fix".

Jackson warns that satellite-based high speed Internet — compared to cable broadband — might not necessarily result in cheap, affordable connectivity for people in developing countries.

"Each telco [telephone company], which in several countries are effectively government-owned monopolies, effectively control the price … so you don't see this explosion of cheap Internet access for everyone … It requires a certain liberalisation of the telecom market."

O3b will deal with telecom companies in developing countries, who will then provide services to individual users.

Financial backers for the system are Google Inc., Liberty Global and HSBC who aim to tap into large, emerging markets in developing countries.

Software Engineer's Daily Routine (good laugh)

2009-06-10T12:00:00.000+05:30

Software Engineer's Daily Routine

8:30AM: wake up

8:45AM: Tough decision; to bath or not.

8:50AM: Have To.

9:15AM: Punch in.

9:20AM: Check Mail.

9:25AM: Check Again just in case...

9:30AM: Since It is already 9:30 wait for tea (9:45AM).

9:45AM: TEA party.

10:00AM: Check Mail.

10:05AM: Check again. Can't believe that no mail has come. Is every body dead or what?

10:20AM: Sudden feeling of loneliness and desperation turn around to look for some body (Any body) to talk to.

10:30AM: Found a guy testing something. Feel real pity for his pathetic, boring and useless existence.

10:40AM: Sudden urge to get some work done and fast. Start looking for the file.(Can't remember it's name)

11:00AM: Boss summons in his office. Bad sign.

11:30AM: How the hell! Am I supposed to remember everything? Why should I be responsible for everything that goes bad?

11:45AM: Try to locate a scapegoat. No body around.

12:00AM: Mood is really bad decided to postpone work till after lunch.

12:30AM: lunch

1:00PM: Lunch over.

1:10PM: Go for a smoke. Can't even smoke in this god forsaken place.

1:35PM: Back from a smoke. It was good. I even did not pay for the cig. The other chap is so foolish.

1:50PM: Mood is good. Decide to go to cool web sites.

2:30PM: Feeling real sleepy after such a mammoth mental effort.

2:45PM: Tea Time.

3:00PM: Chat and discuss with colleague on the bad state of the company. Blame everybody for incompetence and laziness

4:00PM: A guy from testing comes for help.(Jerk)

4:11PM: Try to look busy.

4:12PM: He is asking for a technical help.(Real jerk).

4:15PM: After really making him beg for help decide to take a look.

4:50PM: No solution found. Really angry on the guy for getting myself involved.

4:55PM: Suddenly boss is spotted in the neighboring area. Try making as much loud noise as possible with some obscure technical jargon thrown in.

5:00PM: Boss has gone back to his den. Coast is clear.

5:05PM: Blame the problem on RnD.

5:10PM: Check mail. "Yes" a mail has finally arrived.

5:13PM: It's a silly joke and old too. But it felt good.

5:14PM: a quick dash for gate.

5:15PM: Third in punching out.

5:25PM: Reached Room.

5:26PM: TV on. No worth while program.

8:30PM: Still no worth while program. Every body is getting lazy and irresponsible what will happen to this world GOD help us. Curse government and RnD.

8:45PM: Food arrives. Pretty bad and stinking.

8:48PM: Dinner finished.

12:45AM: Today there were really good programs.

1:46AM: Decide to sleep. Tough day ahead.

******

Save Green, Save Earth

2009-06-07T15:24:00.005+05:30

World Environment Day (WED) was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972. WED is hosted every year by a different city and commemorated with an international exposition through the week of June 5. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), also created in 1972, uses WED to stimulate awareness of the environment and enhance political attention and public action.

Courtesy:http://www.colorcanvaas.com/

HIV/AIDS: Knowledge is Power

2009-06-04T00:00:00.000+05:30

HIV can never survive in any other liquid medium also other than blood or semen (& please for God sake ... never in Pani Puri wala pani)

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Even if one drinks an HIV infected blood (or semen) of someone

(ingest through Gastro Intestinal track), the virus can not survive in the acidic pH of stomach. Highest extent of acidity is 0 (practically not possible) so imagine 1 as pH which is in our stomach. (This pH can burn

your own finger in less than a second if you dip in that acid).

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Exposure of less than 1 second in AIR KILLS the HIV virus(hence story of needle pricks in Cinema theatres is a crap). Even if blood from a wound (of infected person) dries up (blood clot), the virus diesand can not infect anyone else

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HIV transmission is ONLY an INFECTION i.e.entrance of virus in one's body. It DOES NOT MEAN AIDS.

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An HIV-infected person (after entrance of virus) can progress to a condition of AIDS only after 8 to 10 YEARS (not in 15 days as in the Pani Puri story). In some cases the time span may be 20 yrs. too.

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It is not HIV (virus) that kills a human .....the virus attacks immune cells (cells that fight against foreign pathogens/antigens)

and hence a person's ability to fight against infections & diseases slowly diminishes and person ultimately dies of a disease which could be as simple as TB

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Most importantly, HIV is no longer a dreadful disease ... it is "CHRONIC MANAGEABLE DISEASE" just like Diabetes or Hypertension.

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If there is anything you need to be careful from to prevent HIV is Unsafe sex, Blood transfusion (check before taking) /Blood donation (use sterilized needles only) and any blood contact during an accident or so where amount of bleeding is very high.

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PLZ O PLZ spread this message to avoid rumors and to educate people.

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Bio-char

2009-06-01T00:00:00.000+05:30

What is bio-char?

Bio-char is bio-mass (wood, plants, plant waste) that has been converted to charcoal, but ... not for the purpose of burning it as a fuel, instead it is retained and used in other ways.

Volatile fluids and gasses are captured and used, whereas with traditional charcoal production these "go up in smoke"

Bio-char is produced by pyrolysis: heating in the absence of oxygen, which prevents burning of the biomass (which happens in open fires)

What use is it?

Bio-char, and its byproducts, has multiple uses

---When added to the soil it can significantly improve soil fertility (especially if
some volatiles are left or re-cycled back in)

---The volatile fluids and gasses produce usable bio-fuels, that can be produced on
a sustainable basis

---The carbon, when recycled into the soil, provides a stable long term removal
of carbon (dioxide) from the atmosphere. Removing carbon from the atmosphere is
called sequestration.

Isn't planting trees good enough?

Growing trees takes a long time

There is a finite limit to how much carbon an acre of forest can store

When trees die they decay and release carbon into the atmosphere via CO2 and methane

It is estimated that as little as 10% of the carbon captured by trees remains in the soil over the long term but if trees are coppiced, the harvested biomass can be used to produce a continual source of bio-char. Or if they are harvested for other purposes and the incidental waste is used as a feedstock for bio-char production (e.g. in forestry or sugar can production).

Biochar has been attracting growing interest due to its potential in carbon sequestration and in improving soil health. However, further research needs to be undertaken to answer questions about its properties and the benefits associated with its production and application.

This fact sheet explains what biochar is, the process by which it is produced (pyrolysis) and looks at the possible role of biochar as a soil conditioner and in offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.

The knowledge gaps and research questions which need to be addressed in relation to biochar's production and application are also discussed.
It advocates biochar as a strategy to:

•improve the Earth’s soils;

•help mitigate the anthropogenic greenhouse effect by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sequestering atmospheric carbon in a stable soil carbon pool; and

•improve water quality by retaining agrochemicals.

•sustainable co-production of clean energy and other bio-based products as part of the biochar process;

•efficient biomass utilization in developing country agriculture; and

•cost-effective utilization of urban, agricultural and forest co products.

A letter to Bill Gates from santa singh

2009-05-29T00:41:00.000+05:30

-----------------------

Dear Mr. Bill Gates,

This letter is from Banta Singh from Punjab. We have bought a computer
for our home and we found problems, which I want to bring to your
notice.

1. After connecting to internet we planned to open e-mail account and
whenever we fill the form in Hotmail in the password column, only ******
appears, but in the rest of the fields whatever we typed appears, but
we face this problem only in password field. We checked with hardware
vendor Santa Singh and he said that there is no problem in keyboard.
Because of this we open the e-mail account with password *****. I
request you to check this as we ourselves do not know what the password is.

2. We are unable to enter anything after we click the 'shut down '
button.

3. There is a button 'start' but there is no "stop" button. We request
you to check this.

4. We find there is 'Run' in the menu. One of my friend clicked 'run '
has ran upto Amritsar! So, we request you to change that to "sit", so
that we can click that by sitting.

5. One doubt is that any 're-scooter' available in system? As I find
only 're-cycle', but I own a scooter at my home.

6. There is 'Find' button but it is not working properly. My wife lost
the door key and we tried a lot for tracing the key with this ' find',
but unable to trace. Is it a bug??

7. Every night I am not sleeping as I have to protect my 'mouse' from
CAT, So I suggest u to provide one DOG to kill that cat.

8. Please confirm when u are going to give me money for winning
'HEARTS' (playing cards in games) and when are u coming to my home to collect
ur money.

9. My child learnt 'Microsoft word' now he wants to learn 'Microsoft
sentence', so when u will provide that?

Foods That Boost Your Health

2009-05-25T16:35:00.000+05:30

There is evidence that our brain responds to the foods we eat, and that nutrients can trigger neurotransmitters and hormones that impact our mood and improve our mental sharpness. Not only has this been shown in children at school, but studies have also found that adults can help maintain brain health as they age.
The way things are going, I don’t anticipate a break until at least Thanksgiving. So until then, here’s what I’m focusing on during this grueling work-a-thon.

Brains are very hungry

The brain and nervous system are the hungriest organs—meaning that they require a constant supply of energy that can only be delivered in the form of glucose, the end product of carbohydrate metabolism. The brain uses more than 20 times the energy ounce-per-ounce of exercising muscle than any other part of the body; in fact, as we age, it’s the natural loss of gray matter that makes a significant contribution to our drop in metabolism.

What this means is that breakfast is very important, and so is eating every two to three hours throughout the day. The constant stream of glucose to the brain will help keep your concentration and mood elevated. A meal or snack that contains low-glycemic carbohydrates, or combines carbs with lean protein and/or some healthy mono or polyunsaturated fats, will help keep the fuel to the brain steady.

Eat a slow-burn breakfast

Reams of research show that kids who eat a healthy breakfast have improved concentration, and they perform better on tests compared to those that skips out on the a.m. meal. I’m no student, but I do know that eating my low-glycemic steel-cut oats gives me energy to start the day and raises my blood-sugar levels that have plummeted overnight. Other studies have found that a breakfast of low-glycemic-index foods like oatmeal increased mental acuity over high-glycemic-index breakfasts with the same number of same calories.

Eggs with a whole-wheat product—toast are great option to boost brainpower. Eggs contain choline, which helps the body make the memory-boosting chemical acetylcholine.

Eat more fruits and veggies

You’re probably aware of studies showing that blueberries improve the memory and cognitive function of aged animals, but all fruits and veggies are great cerebral choices. In addition to providing carbs to fuel the brain, they supply folic acid, a B-vitamin integral for the nervous system. In addition, they’re loaded with powerful antioxidants that help keep the blood vessels of the brain healthy and more flexible so that the brain gets adequately nourished.
I’m making more of my snacks fresh or dried fruits and veggies. Today I had raisins in my oatmeal, a banana with peanut butter at lunch, and a spinach salad with my dinner.

Enjoy caffeine and tea

affeine has been shown to improve concentration in studies, and tea has also been shown to have a compound, L-thiamine that impacts alpha waves in the brain. Alpha waves are supposed to help the brain focus when it is bombarded with all kinds of competing tasks (read: nonstop emails and phone calls). The combination of L-thiamine and caffeine in tea is akin to rebooting my mind to help me focus on finishing one task at a time, instead of being completely frazzled by a long to-do list all day.

Be a (healthy) fat head

Yes, your brain is a muscle, but about 70% of its gray and white matter is composed of fat. And it’s not just any fat; it’s the long-chain polyunsaturated fats that are part of the cell membranes and crucial messenger system of the brain.
These beneficial fats are called DHA and EPA, and you can find them in fish and algae-based supplements. Research shows that adults who eat the most tuna and other fish rich in DHA have healthier brain mass as they age, compared to those who eat the least amount of fish. But there’s one caveat: Interestingly, fried fish consumption does not provide the same brain-boosting benefits.

Make mental moves

nothing goes better with a healthy diet than a healthy lifestyle. To keep the blood and nutrients flowing to your brain, strive to get daily exercise. Exercise also clears your mind, gives you a natural endorphin rush, and staves off depression. Research also shows that among older adults, those who exercise the most have better cognition and improved mental states compared to those who move the least.

INTERNET SAYINGS

2009-05-22T00:00:00.000+05:30

 Home is where you hang your @.

 A journey of a thousand sites begins with a single click.

 You can't teach new mouse old clicks.

 The e-mail of the species is more deadly than the mail.

 Great groups from little icons grow.

 Speak softly and carry a cellular phone.

 C: is the root of all directories.

 Don't put all your hypes in one home page.

 Pentium wise; pen and paper foolish.

 The modem is the message.

 Too many clicks spoil the browse.

 The geek shall inherit the earth.

 A chat has nine lives.

 Don't byte off more than you can view.

 Fax is stranger than fiction.

 What boots up must come down.

 Windows will never cease.

 Virtual reality is its own reward.

 Modulation in all things.

 A user and his leisure time are soon parted.

 There's no place like home.com.

 Know what to expect before you connect.

 Oh, what a tangled website we weave when first we practice.

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The Green Chemistry

2009-05-19T00:00:00.000+05:30

What is Green Chemistry?

The Green Chemistry is defined as invention, design, development and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and environment. While this short definition appears straightforward, it marks a significant departure from the manner in which environmental issues have been considered or ignored in the upfront design of the molecules and molecular transformations that are at the heart of the chemical enterprise.

Looking at the definition of green chemistry, the first thing one sees is the concept of invention and design. By requiring that the impacts of chemical products and chemical processes are included as design criteria, the definition of green chemistry inextricably links hazard considerations to performance criteria.

Another aspect of the definition of green chemistry is found in the phrase “use and generation”. Rather than focusing only on those undesirable substances that might be inadvertently produced in a process, green chemistry also includes all substances that are part of the process.

Therefore, green chemistry is a tool not only for minimizing the negative impact of those procedures aimed at optimizing efficiency, although clearly both impact minimization and process optimization are legitimate and complementary objectives of the subject.

Green chemistry, however, also recognizes that there are significant consequences to the use of hazardous substances, ranging from regulatory, handling and transport, and liability issues, to name a few. To limit the definition to deal with waste only, would be to address only part of the problem.

Principles of Green Chemistry

The twelve principles of green chemistry embrace these aims, as well as those of waste prevention, the use of renewable raw materials, the minimization of derivatives and better control of chemical processes. The Royal Society of Chemistry has established the Green Chemistry Network to promote green chemistry and now publishes a journal, Green Chemistry , devoted to the subject.

1) It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
2) Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.
3) Wherever practicable, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that posses little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
4) Chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity.
5) The use of auxiliary substances (e.g. solvents, separation agents etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and, innocuous when used.
6) Energy requirements should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. Synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
7) A raw material feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practical.
8) Unnecessary derivatization (blocking group, protection/deprotection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be avoided whenever possible.
9) Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
10) Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products.
11) Analytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for real-time in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.
12) Substances and the forms of the substance used in chemical reaction should be chosen so as to minimize the potential of chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.

Doctor's Medical Certificate

2009-05-16T00:00:00.000+05:30

Doctor's Medical Certificate

Doctor Certified

i Certified that Mr. /Miss ________________ _ , working in your organization, is suffering from 'time-bound' illness.

Due to this, he/she will NOT be able to work more than 8 hours a day and 5 days a week.

Any attempt to stretch beyond this timing will lead to severe health problems.

The losses to the company due to medical reimbursements will be far more compared to the gains made by stretching beyond 8 hours.

It is also warned to keep my patient away from any kind of shocking news such as " Come over weekend..", " Let's work on holiday..", " Leave cannot be granted. ." etc.

which can directly lead to heart strokes.

In view of the above, it is strongly recommended to adjust your deadlines in accordance with the convenience of my patient.

Sd/- Dr. Impatient

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